+MMamcbf <size>

Absolute maximum cache bad fit (in kilobytes). A segment in the memory segment cache is not reused if its size exceeds the requested size with more than the value of this parameter. Defaults to 4096.

+MMrmcbf <ratio>

Relative maximum cache bad fit (in percent). A segment in the memory segment cache is not reused if its size exceeds the requested size with more than relative maximum cache bad fit percent of the requested size. Defaults to 20.

+MMsco true|false

Sets super carrier only flag. Defaults to true. When a super carrier is used and this flag is true, mseg_alloc only creates carriers in the super carrier. Notice that the alloc_util framework can create sys_alloc carriers, so if you want all carriers to be created in the super carrier, you therefore want to disable use of sys_alloc carriers by also passing +Musac false. When the flag is false, mseg_alloc tries to create carriers outside of the super carrier when the super carrier is full.

Note

Setting this flag to false is not supported on all systems. The flag is then ignored.

+MMscrfsd <amount>

Sets super carrier reserved free segment descriptors. Defaults to 65536. This parameter determines the amount of memory to reserve for free segment descriptors used by the super carrier. If the system runs out of reserved memory for free segment descriptors, other memory is used. This can however cause fragmentation issues, so you want to ensure that this never happens. The maximum amount of free segment descriptors used can be retrieved from the erts_mmap tuple part of the result from calling erlang:system_info({allocator, mseg_alloc}).

+MMscrpm true|false

Sets super carrier reserve physical memory flag. Defaults to true. When this flag is true, physical memory is reserved for the whole super carrier at once when it is created. The reservation is after that left unchanged. When this flag is set to false, only virtual address space is reserved for the super carrier upon creation. The system attempts to reserve physical memory upon carrier creations in the super carrier, and attempt to unreserve physical memory upon carrier destructions in the super carrier.

Note

What reservation of physical memory means, highly depends on the operating system, and how it is configured. For example, different memory overcommit settings on Linux drastically change the behavior.

Setting this flag to false is possibly not supported on all systems. The flag is then ignored.

+MMscs <size in MB>

Sets super carrier size (in MB). Defaults to 0, that is, the super carrier is by default disabled. The super carrier is a large continuous area in the virtual address space. mseg_alloc always tries to create new carriers in the super carrier if it exists. Notice that the alloc_util framework can create sys_alloc carriers. For more information, see +MMsco.

+MMmcs <amount>

Maximum cached segments. The maximum number of memory segments stored in the memory segment cache. Valid range is [0, 30]. Defaults to 10.

+MYe true

Enables sys_alloc.

Note

sys_alloc cannot be disabled.

+MYtt <size>

Trim threshold size (in kilobytes). This is the maximum amount of free memory at the top of the heap (allocated by sbrk) that is kept by malloc (not released to the operating system). When the amount of free memory at the top of the heap exceeds the trim threshold, malloc releases it (by calling sbrk). Trim threshold is specified in kilobytes. Defaults to 128.

Note

This flag has effect only when the emulator is linked with the GNU C library, and uses its malloc implementation.

+MYtp <size>

Top pad size (in kilobytes). This is the amount of extra memory that is allocated by malloc when sbrk is called to get more memory from the operating system. Defaults to 0.

Note

This flag has effect only when the emulator is linked with the GNU C library, and uses its malloc implementation.

If u is used as subsystem identifier (that is, <S> = u), all allocators based on alloc_util are effected. If B, D, E, F, H, I, L, R, S, T, X is used as subsystem identifier, only the specific allocator identifier is effected.

+M<S>acul <utilization>|de

Abandon carrier utilization limit. A valid <utilization> is an integer in the range [0, 100] representing utilization in percent. When a utilization value > 0 is used, allocator instances are allowed to abandon multiblock carriers. If de (default enabled) is passed instead of a <utilization>, a recommended non-zero utilization value is used. The value chosen depends on the allocator type and can be changed between ERTS versions. Defaults to de, but this can be changed in the future.

Carriers are abandoned when memory utilization in the allocator instance falls below the utilization value used. Once a carrier is abandoned, no new allocations are made in it. When an allocator instance gets an increased multiblock carrier need, it first tries to fetch an abandoned carrier from another allocator instance. If no abandoned carrier can be fetched, it creates a new empty carrier. When an abandoned carrier has been fetched, it will function as an ordinary carrier. This feature has special requirements on the allocation strategy used. Only the strategies aoff, aoffcbf, aoffcaobf, ageffcaoffm, ageffcbf and ageffcaobf support abandoned carriers.

This feature also requires multiple thread specific instances to be enabled. When enabling this feature, multiple thread-specific instances are enabled if not already enabled, and the aoffcbf strategy is enabled if the current strategy does not support abandoned carriers. This feature can be enabled on all allocators based on the alloc_util framework, except temp_alloc (which would be pointless).

+M<S>acfml <bytes>

Abandon carrier free block min limit. A valid <bytes> is a positive integer representing a block size limit. The largest free block in a carrier must be at least bytes large, for the carrier to be abandoned. The default is zero but can be changed in the future.

See also acul.

+M<S>acnl <amount>

Abandon carrier number limit. A valid <amount> is a positive integer representing max number of abandoned carriers per allocator instance. Defaults to 1000 which will practically disable the limit, but this can be changed in the future.

See also acul.

+M<S>acful <utilization>|de

Abandon carrier free utilization limit. When the utilization of a carrier falls belows this limit erts_alloc instructs the OS that unused memory in the carrier can be re-used for allocation by other OS procesesses. On Unix this is done by calling madvise(..., ..., MADV_FREE) on the unused memory region, on Windows it is done by calling VirtualAlloc(..., ..., MEM_RESET, PAGE_READWRITE). Defaults to 0 which means that no memory will be marked as re-usable by the OS.

A valid <utilization> is an integer in the range [0, 100] representing utilization in percent. If this value is larger than the acul limit it will be lowered to the current acul limit. If de (default enabled) is passed instead of a <utilization>, a recommended non-zero utilization value is used. The value chosen depends on the allocator type and can be changed between ERTS versions.

See also acul.

+M<S>as bf|aobf|aoff|aoffcbf|aoffcaobf|ageffcaoff|ageffcbf|ageffcaobf|gf|af

Allocation strategy. The following strategies are valid:

• bf (best fit)
• aobf (address order best fit)
• aoff (address order first fit)
• aoffcbf (address order first fit carrier best fit)
• aoffcaobf (address order first fit carrier address order best fit)
• ageffcaoff (age order first fit carrier address order first fit)
• ageffcbf (age order first fit carrier best fit)
• ageffcaobf (age order first fit carrier address order best fit)
• gf (good fit)
• af (a fit)

See the description of allocation strategies in section The alloc_util Framework.

+M<S>asbcst <size>

Absolute singleblock carrier shrink threshold (in kilobytes). When a block located in an mseg_alloc singleblock carrier is shrunk, the carrier is left unchanged if the amount of unused memory is less than this threshold, otherwise the carrier is shrunk. See also rsbcst.

+M<S>atags true|false

Adds a small tag to each allocated block that contains basic information about what it is and who allocated it. Use the instrument module to inspect this information.

The runtime overhead is one word per allocation when enabled. This may change at any time in the future.

The default is true for binary_alloc and driver_alloc, and false for the other allocator types.

+M<S>cp B|D|E|F|H||L|R|S|@|:

Set carrier pool to use for the allocator. Memory carriers will only migrate between allocator instances that use the same carrier pool. The following carrier pool names exist:

B

Carrier pool associated with binary_alloc.

D

Carrier pool associated with std_alloc.

E

Carrier pool associated with ets_alloc.

F

Carrier pool associated with fix_alloc.

H

Carrier pool associated with eheap_alloc.

L

Carrier pool associated with ll_alloc.

R

Carrier pool associated with driver_alloc.

S

Carrier pool associated with sl_alloc.

@

Carrier pool associated with the system as a whole.

Besides passing carrier pool name as value to the parameter, you can also pass :. By passing : instead of carrier pool name, the allocator will use the carrier pool associated with itself. By passing the command line argument "+Mucg :", all allocators that have an associated carrier pool will use the carrier pool associated with themselves.

The association between carrier pool and allocator is very loose. The associations are more or less only there to get names for the amount of carrier pools needed and names of carrier pools that can be easily identified by the : value.

This flag is only valid for allocators that have an associated carrier pool. Besides that, there are no restrictions on carrier pools to use for an allocator.

Currently each allocator with an associated carrier pool defaults to using its own associated carrier pool.

+M<S>e true|false

Enables allocator <S>.

+M<S>lmbcs <size>

Largest (mseg_alloc) multiblock carrier size (in kilobytes). See the description on how sizes for mseg_alloc multiblock carriers are decided in section The alloc_util Framework. On 32-bit Unix style OS this limit cannot be set > 64 MB.

+M<S>mbcgs <ratio>

(mseg_alloc) multiblock carrier growth stages. See the description on how sizes for mseg_alloc multiblock carriers are decided in section The alloc_util Framework.

+M<S>mbsd <depth>

Maximum block search depth. This flag has effect only if the good fit strategy is selected for allocator <S>. When the good fit strategy is used, free blocks are placed in segregated free-lists. Each free-list contains blocks of sizes in a specific range. The maximum block search depth sets a limit on the maximum number of blocks to inspect in a free-list during a search for suitable block satisfying the request.

+M<S>mmbcs <size>

Main multiblock carrier size. Sets the size of the main multiblock carrier for allocator <S>. The main multiblock carrier is allocated through sys_alloc and is never deallocated.

+M<S>mmmbc <amount>

Maximum mseg_alloc multiblock carriers. Maximum number of multiblock carriers allocated through mseg_alloc by allocator <S>. When this limit is reached, new multiblock carriers are allocated through sys_alloc.

+M<S>mmsbc <amount>

Maximum mseg_alloc singleblock carriers. Maximum number of singleblock carriers allocated through mseg_alloc by allocator <S>. When this limit is reached, new singleblock carriers are allocated through sys_alloc.

+M<S>ramv <bool>

Realloc always moves. When enabled, reallocate operations are more or less translated into an allocate, copy, free sequence. This often reduces memory fragmentation, but costs performance.

+M<S>rmbcmt <ratio>

Relative multiblock carrier move threshold (in percent). When a block located in a multiblock carrier is shrunk, the block is moved if the ratio of the size of the freed memory compared to the previous size is more than this threshold, otherwise the block is shrunk at the current location.

+M<S>rsbcmt <ratio>

Relative singleblock carrier move threshold (in percent). When a block located in a singleblock carrier is shrunk to a size smaller than the value of parameter sbct, the block is left unchanged in the singleblock carrier if the ratio of unused memory is less than this threshold, otherwise it is moved into a multiblock carrier.

+M<S>rsbcst <ratio>

Relative singleblock carrier shrink threshold (in percent). When a block located in an mseg_alloc singleblock carrier is shrunk, the carrier is left unchanged if the ratio of unused memory is less than this threshold, otherwise the carrier is shrunk. See also asbcst.

+M<S>sbct <size>

Singleblock carrier threshold (in kilobytes). Blocks larger than this threshold are placed in singleblock carriers. Blocks smaller than this threshold are placed in multiblock carriers. On 32-bit Unix style OS this threshold cannot be set > 8 MB.

+M<S>smbcs <size>

Smallest (mseg_alloc) multiblock carrier size (in kilobytes). See the description on how sizes for mseg_alloc multiblock carriers are decided in section The alloc_util Framework.

+M<S>t true|false

Multiple, thread-specific instances of the allocator. Default behavior is NoSchedulers+1 instances. Each scheduler uses a lock-free instance of its own and other threads use a common instance.

Before ERTS 5.9 it was possible to configure a smaller number of thread-specific instances than schedulers. This is, however, not possible anymore.

All allocators based on alloc_util are effected.

+Muycs <size>

sys_alloc carrier size. Carriers allocated through sys_alloc are allocated in sizes that are multiples of the sys_alloc carrier size. This is not true for main multiblock carriers and carriers allocated during a memory shortage, though.

+Mummc <amount>

Maximum mseg_alloc carriers. Maximum number of carriers placed in separate memory segments. When this limit is reached, new carriers are placed in memory retrieved from sys_alloc.

+Musac <bool>

Allow sys_alloc carriers. Defaults to true. If set to false, sys_alloc carriers are never created by allocators using the alloc_util framework.

+MIscs <size in MB>

literal_alloc super carrier size (in MB). The amount of virtual address space reserved for literal terms in Erlang code on 64-bit architectures. Defaults to 1024 (that is, 1 GB), which is usually sufficient. The flag is ignored on 32-bit architectures.

+M<S>atags

Adds a small tag to each allocated block that contains basic information about what it is and who allocated it. See +M<S>atags for a more complete description.

+Mea min|max|r9c|r10b|r11b|config

Options:

min

Disables all allocators that can be disabled.

max

Enables all allocators (default).

r9c|r10b|r11b

Configures all allocators as they were configured in respective Erlang/OTP release. These will eventually be removed.

+Mlpm all|no

Lock physical memory. Defaults to no, that is, no physical memory is locked. If set to all, all memory mappings made by the runtime system are locked into physical memory. If set to all, the runtime system fails to start if this feature is not supported, the user has not got enough privileges, or the user is not allowed to lock enough physical memory. The runtime system also fails with an out of memory condition if the user limit on the amount of locked memory is reached.

+Mdai max|<amount>

Set amount of dirty allocator instances used. Defaults to 0. That is, by default no instances will be used. The maximum amount of instances equals the amount of dirty CPU schedulers on the system.

By default, each normal scheduler thread has its own allocator instance for each allocator. All other threads in the system, including dirty schedulers, share one instance for each allocator. By enabling dirty allocator instances, dirty schedulers will get and use their own set of allocator instances. Note that these instances are not exclusive to each dirty scheduler, but instead shared among dirty schedulers. The more instances used the less risk of lock contention on these allocator instances. Memory consumption do however increase with increased amount of dirty allocator instances.