1 STDLIB Release Notes

This document describes the changes made to the STDLIB application.

1.1  STDLIB 3.15

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Time-outs in gen_statem with relative time 0 did not behave quite according to the intended model. This has now been corrected.

  The correction introduces a small potential incompatibility e.g when combining a state time-out with inserted events, and the inserted event does a state change in the state with the time-out. Before this correction the state time-out could be delivered even after the second state change, but now it is guaranteed that a state time-out is only delivered in the state it was started for, even in this corner case.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-15107 Aux Id: ERL-1381, PR-2813

• Fix bugs in erl_eval concerning bitstring comprehensions.

  Own Id: OTP-16865

• File names that start with a dot (such as ".gitignore" are now treated as file names and not extensions by filename:extension/1 and filename:rootname/1.

  Own Id: OTP-16905

• Fixed a bug where beam_lib:chunks/3 with the allow_missing_chunks option would crash if a named chunk was missing.

  Own Id: OTP-16950 Aux Id: ERL-1378

• A floating point zero (0.0) can be both positive (+0.0) and negative (-0.0). Multiple bugs in the compiler, runtime system, and STDLIB have been fixed to ensure that the minus sign on 0.0 is not lost.

  Own Id: OTP-17077 Aux Id: ERL-1431, PR-2903, PR-2905, PR-2906

• Eliminated a Dialyzer crashed when the -MMD option is used to generate a dependency file and a BEAM file a the same time.

  Own Id: OTP-17118 Aux Id: PR-2825

• Fixed bug in shell_docs and erl_docgen that interpreted em tags as strong.

  Own Id: OTP-17122

• On Solaris, the math:acos/1 and math:asin/1 functions would not fail for arguments outside the valid domain.

  Own Id: OTP-17133

• Silence unused_record warnings when using ms_transform. The parse transform ms_transform replaces records with tuples, which can cause the Erlang code linter to emit warnings about unused records.

  Own Id: OTP-17186

• Documented a deficiency in the re module regarding the [:ascii:] character class matching Latin-1 characters.

  Own Id: OTP-17222 Aux Id: GH-4544

• Fixed spec of start functions in generic behaviors.

  Own Id: OTP-17342 Aux Id: GH-4725 PR-4726

Improvements and New Features

• In the rand module it is now possible to seed the default algorithm using an algorithm alias: default.

  Generating pseudo random binaries has been implemented with rand:bytes/1 and rand:bytes_s/2.

  Own Id: OTP-14646 Aux Id: PR-2920

• New functions have been added to the proplists module: to_map/1,2 and from_map/1.

  Own Id: OTP-14647 Aux Id: PR-2910

• New functions have been added to the queue module: all/2, any/2, delete/2, delete_r/2, delete_with/2, and delete_with_r/2.

  Own Id: OTP-14650 Aux Id: PR-2850

• New function have been added to the queue module: fold/2 and filtermap/2.

  Own Id: OTP-14793 Aux Id: PR-2791

• Support for handling abstract code created before OTP R15 has been dropped.

  Own Id: OTP-16678 Aux Id: PR-2627

• Extended error information for failing BIF calls as proposed in EEP 54 has been implemented.

  When a BIF call from the Erlang shell fails, more information about which argument or arguments that were in error will be printed. The same extended error information will by proc_lib, common_test, and qlc when BIF calls fail.

  For applications that wish to provide the same extended error information, there are new functions erl_error:format_exception/3 and erl_error:format_exception/4.

  There is a new error/3 BIF that allows applications or libraries to provide extended error information in the same way for their own exceptions.

  Own Id: OTP-16686

• Process aliases as outlined by EEP 53 has been introduced. Process aliases is introduced in order to provide a lightweight mechanism that can prevent late replies after timeout or connection loss. For more information, see EEP 53 and the documentation of the new alias/1 BIF and the new options to the monitor/3 BIF.

  The call operation in the framework used by gen_server, gen_statem, and gen_event has been updated to utilize alias in order to prevent late responses. The gen_statem behavior still use a proxy process in the distributed case, since it has always prevented late replies and aliases wont work against pre OTP 24 nodes. The proxy process can be removed in OTP 26.

  The alias feature also made it possible to introduce new functions similar to the erpc:receive_response() function in the gen behaviors, so the new functions gen_server:receive_response(), gen_statem:receive_response(), gen_event:receive_response() have also been introduced.

  Own Id: OTP-16718 Aux Id: PR-2735

• Improved documentation about exit signals emitted when a gen_server terminates.

  Own Id: OTP-16910 Aux Id: PR-2771

• New functions have been added to the maps module: merge_with/3, intersect/2, intersect_with/3, filtermap/2, from_keys/2, and maps:foreach/2.

  maps:merge_with/3 is the same as merge/2 but takes an extra fun that is used to combine items with the same key.

  maps:intersect/2 computes the intersection of two maps.

  maps:intersect_with/3 is the same as intersect/2 but takes an extra fun that is used to combine intersecting items.

  maps:filtermap/2 allows filtering and mapping of a map in a single pass.

  maps:from_keys/2 constructs a map from a list of keys and a single value and can be used to to optimize sets operations such as from_list/1, filter/2, intersection/2, and subtract/2.

  maps:foreach/2 allows iteration over a map without returning any value.

  Own Id: OTP-16936 Aux Id: ERL-1367

• The experimental HiPE application has been removed, together with all related functionality in other applications.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-16963

• The filename:src/1 function which was deprecated in OTP 20 has been removed. Use filelib:find_source/1,3 instead.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-16971

• The pretty printer for floating point number have been changed to make it easier to see if the integer part of the number has been rounded. After the change the digit that may have been rounded always appears last or just before the exponent character (e or E). This is accomplished by always printing the number using scientific notation if it is so large that the integer part could be rounded.

  Own Id: OTP-16980 Aux Id: ERL-1308

• Accept references up to a size of 160-bits from remote nodes. This is the first step in an upgrade path toward using references up to 160-bits in a future OTP release.

  Own Id: OTP-17005 Aux Id: OTP-16718

• Add option location to erl_parse:abstract/2.

  Own Id: OTP-17024

• All long running functions in the maps API are now yielding. In previous releases the functions maps:from_list/1, maps:keys/1 and maps:values/1 did not yield. This could cause unfair scheduling of processes.

  Own Id: OTP-17057

• The sets module now has an optional map-based implementation, as described in EEP 50.

  To use this implementation, pass the {version,2} option to sets:new/1 or sets:from_list/2.

  Own Id: OTP-17059 Aux Id: PR-2864

• Added shell_docs:supported_tags/0. This function can be used to retrieve the tags currently supported by shell_docs.

  Own Id: OTP-17120

• The application/erlang+html documentation storage format used by shell_docs has been updated to include the tags b, strong, h4, h5 and h6.

  Own Id: OTP-17121

• Do not pretty-print catch expressions with unnecessary parentheses. The re-write of the Erlang parser grammar in PR-2584 implies that parentheses around catch expressions are in many cases no longer required.

  Own Id: OTP-17169 Aux Id: PR-2584

• Improved explanation of {continue,Continue} in Module:init/1 of the gen_server documentation.

  Own Id: OTP-17171 Aux Id: PR-3011

• The erl_eval module now accepts a map for keeping track of bindings. Using an orddict for bindings will still work.

  Own Id: OTP-17175

• Documented epp:scan_erl_form/1 and added epp:scan_file/2.

  Own Id: OTP-17199 Aux Id: PR-2658

• The standard floating point printing algorithm used by the io and io_lib modules has been changed from the algorithm described in [1] to the Ryu algorithm [2]. This gives a significant speed improvement for the printing of most floating point numbers and a small memory consumption improvement.

  [1]: Robert G. Burger and R. Kent Dybvig. 1996. Printing floating-point numbers quickly and accurately. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1996 conference on Programming language design and implementation (PLDI '96). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 108–116. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/231379.231397

  [2]: Ulf Adams. 2018. Ryū: fast float-to-string conversion. In Proceedings of the 39th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI 2018). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 270–282. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1145/3192366.3192369

  Thanks to Thomas Depierre

  Own Id: OTP-17210

• Add hex encoding and decoding functions in the binary module.

  Own Id: OTP-17236 Aux Id: PR-3014

• The undocumented and partially broken ets:filter/3 function has been removed.

  Own Id: OTP-17263

• Add support in shell_docs to display any "text" documentation format. This means that h(Module) in the shell now can display the "text/markdown" of Elixir documentation.

  Own Id: OTP-17267

• The internal hashing of keys within ETS tables of types set, bag, duplicate_bag has been salted to diverge from erlang:phash2. This to avoid bad hashing if phash2 is used to distribute the keys over separate tables/nodes.

  Own Id: OTP-17276 Aux Id: PR-2979

• Updated to the Unicode 13.0 specification.

  Own Id: OTP-17327 Aux Id: PR-4707

• Add compiler option {nowarn_unused_record, RecordNames}. Document compiler option nowarn_unused_type.

  Own Id: OTP-17330

• Implementation of EEP 56 in supervisor. It adds the concept of significant children as well as the auto_shutdown supervisor flag.

  See the supervisor manual page for more information.

  Own Id: OTP-17334 Aux Id: PR-4638, EEP-56

1.2  STDLIB 3.14.1

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Handle maps in erl_parse:tokens().

  Own Id: OTP-16978

• The erlang shell function rr has been fixed to be able to read records from files within a code archive.

  Own Id: OTP-17182 Aux Id: PR-3002

• If beam_lib is asked to return abstract code for a BEAM file produced by Elixir and Elixir is not installed on the computer, beam_lib will no longer crash, but will return an error tuple. The cover:compile_beam() and cover:compile_beam_directory() functions have been updated to also return an error tuple in that situation.

  Own Id: OTP-17194 Aux Id: GH-4353

• Correct example module erl_id_trans regarding the {char, C} type.

  Own Id: OTP-17273

1.3  STDLIB 3.14

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• This change fixes the handling of deep lists in the path component when using uri_string:recompose/1.

  Own Id: OTP-16941

• Fix shell_docs to clear shell decorations (bold/underline) when paginating output.

  Fix various small renderings issues when integrating shell_docs with edoc.

  Own Id: OTP-17047

Improvements and New Features

• Improved the API and documentation of the uri_string module.

  Added a new chapter to the Users Guide about Uniform Resource Identifiers and their handling with the new API.

  Added two new API functions: uri_string:allowed_characters/0 and uri_string:percent_decode/1.

  This change has been marked as potentially incompatible as uri_string:normalize/2 used to decode percent-encoded character triplets that corresponded to characters not in the reserved set. After this change, uri_string:normalize/2 will only decode those percent-encoded triplets that correspond to characters in the unreserved set (ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~").

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-16460

• The shell_docs module has been expanded with the possibility to configure unicode, ansi and column size for the rendered text.

  Own Id: OTP-16990

1.4  STDLIB 3.13.2

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• The functions digraph:in_edges/2 and digraph:out_edges/2 would return false edges if called for a vertex that had a '_' atom in its name term.

  Own Id: OTP-16655

• filelib:wildcard("not-a-directory/..") should return an empty list. On Windows it returned "not-a-directory/..".

  Own Id: OTP-16700

• Fix the typespec of shell_docs:render to use the correct type for an MFA.

  Own Id: OTP-16739

• Fix uri_string:recompose/1 when host is present but input path is not absolute.

  This change prevents the recompose operation to change the top level domain of the host when the path does not start with a slash.

  Own Id: OTP-16751 Aux Id: ERL-1283

• The epp module would return a badly formed error term when an 'if' preprocessor directive referenced an undefined symbol. epp:format_error/1 would crash when called with the bad error term.

  Own Id: OTP-16816 Aux Id: ERL-1310

• lists:sublist(List, Start, Len) failed with an exception if Start > length(List) + 1 even though it is explicitly documented that "It is not an error for Start+Len to exceed the length of the list".

  Own Id: OTP-16830 Aux Id: ERL-1334, PR-2718

1.5  STDLIB 3.13.1

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• When a temporary child of a simple_one_for_one supervisor died, the internal state of the supervisor would be corrupted in a way that would cause the supervisor to retain the start arguments for subsequent children started by the supervisor, causing unnecessary growth of the supervisor's heap. There state corruption could potentially cause other problems as well.

  Own Id: OTP-16804

1.6  STDLIB 3.13

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Compiling a match specification with excessive nesting caused the runtime system to crash due to scheduler stack exhaustion. Instead of crashing the runtime system, effected functions will now raise a system_limit error exception in this situation.

  Own Id: OTP-16431 Aux Id: ERL-592

• Initialization of record fields using _ is no longer allowed if the number of affected fields is zero.

  Own Id: OTP-16516

• Fix bugs in eval_bits.

  Own Id: OTP-16545

Improvements and New Features

• Improved the printout of single line logger events for most of the OTP behaviours in STDLIB and Kernel. This includes proc_lib, gen_server, gen_event, gen_statem, gen_fsm, supervisor, supervisor_bridge and application.

  Improved the chars_limit and depth handling in proc_lib and when formatting of exceptions.

  Own Id: OTP-15299

• Remove usage and documentation of old requests of the I/O-protocol.

  Own Id: OTP-15695

• Improved ETS scalability of concurrent calls that change the size of a table, like ets:insert/2 and ets:delete/2.

  This performance feature was implemented for ordered_set in OTP 22.0 and does now apply for all ETS table types.

  The improved scalability may come at the cost of longer latency of ets:info(T,size) and ets:info(T,memory). A new table option decentralized_counters has therefore been added. It is default true for ordered_set with write_concurrency enabled and default false for all other table types.

  Own Id: OTP-15744 Aux Id: OTP-15623, PR-2229

• Handle Unicode filenames in the zip module.

  Own Id: OTP-16005 Aux Id: ERL-1003, ERL-1150

• Unicode support was updated to the Unicode 12.1 standard.

  Own Id: OTP-16073 Aux Id: PR-2339

• All of the modules proc_lib, gen_server, gen_statem, and gen_event have been extended with a start_monitor() function. For more information, see the documentation of start_monitor() for these modules.

  Own Id: OTP-16120 Aux Id: ERIERL-402, PR-2427

• Updates for new erlang:term_to_iovec() BIF.

  Own Id: OTP-16128 Aux Id: OTP-15618

• Documented a quirk regarding extraction from file descriptors in erl_tar.

  Own Id: OTP-16171 Aux Id: ERL-1057

• Added ok as return value to gen_server:reply/2

  Own Id: OTP-16210 Aux Id: PR-2411

• New functions have been added to c(3) for printing embedded documentation for Erlang modules. The functions are:

  h/1,2,3

  Print the documentation for a Module:Function/Arity.

  ht/1,2,3

  Print the type documentation for a Module:Type/Arity.

  The embedded documentation is created when building the Erlang/OTP documentation.

  Own Id: OTP-16222

• Add indent and linewidth to the options of the erl_pp module's functions.

  Own Id: OTP-16276 Aux Id: PR-2443

• Minor updates due to the new spawn improvements made.

  Own Id: OTP-16368 Aux Id: OTP-15251

• The compiler will now raise a warning when inlining is used in modules that load NIFs.

  Own Id: OTP-16429 Aux Id: ERL-303

• Refactored the internal handling of deprecated and removed functions.

  Own Id: OTP-16469

• Extend erl_parse:abstract/1,2 to handle external fun expressions (fun M:F/A).

  Own Id: OTP-16480

• Added filelib:safe_relative_path/2 to replace filename:safe_relative_path/1, which did not safely handle symbolic links.

  filename:safe_relative_path/1 has been deprecated.

  Own Id: OTP-16483 Aux Id: PR-2542

• The module shell_docs has been added. The module contains functions for rendering, validating and normalizing embedded documentation.

  Own Id: OTP-16500

• Module and function auto-completion in the shell now looks at all available modules instead of only those loaded. A module is considered available if it either is loaded already or would be loaded if called.

  The auto-completion has also been expanded to work in the new h/1,2,3 function in c(3).

  Own Id: OTP-16501 Aux Id: OTP-16494, OTP-16222, OTP-16406, OTP-16499, OTP-16500, PR-2545, ERL-708

• Updated the internal pcre library to 8.44.

  Own Id: OTP-16557

1.7  STDLIB 3.12.1

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• re:run(Subject, RE, [unicode]) returned nomatch instead of failing with a badarg error exception when Subject contained illegal utf8 and RE was passed as a binary. This has been corrected along with corrections of reduction counting in re:run() error cases.

  Own Id: OTP-16553

1.8  STDLIB 3.12

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Fix type specification for uri_string:normalize/2 that may also return error().

  Own Id: OTP-16322

• Improve error handling in uri_string:normalize/2. This change fixes a crash when the input URI has faulty percent-encoding.

  Own Id: OTP-16351

• Fix minor bugs in the Erlang pretty printer (erl_pp).

  Own Id: OTP-16435

• Fix the Erlang parser regarding consecutive unary operators.

  Own Id: OTP-16439

• Let calendar:rfc3339_to_system_time() crash when the time offset is missing.

  Own Id: OTP-16514 Aux Id: ERL-1182

Improvements and New Features

• Implement uri_string:resolve/{2,3} that can be used to resolve a URI reference against a base URI.

  Own Id: OTP-16321

• In gen_statem it is now possible to change the callback module for a running server. See gen_statem's documentation for change_callback_module, push_callback_module, and pop_callback_module.

  Own Id: OTP-16477 Aux Id: PR-2531

1.9  STDLIB 3.11.2

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• A directory traversal vulnerability has been eliminated in erl_tar. erl_tar will now refuse to extract symlinks that points outside the targeted extraction directory and will return {error,{Path,unsafe_symlink}}. (Thanks to Eric Meadows-Jönsson for the bug report and for suggesting a fix.)

  Own Id: OTP-16441

1.10  STDLIB 3.11.1

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• The ets:update_counter/4 core dumped when given an ordered_set with write_concurrency enabled and an invalid position. This bug has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-16378 Aux Id: ERL-1125

1.11  STDLIB 3.11

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• The functions unicode:characters_to_list() and unicode:characters_to_binary() raised a badarg exception instead of returning an error tuple when passed very large invalid code points as input.

  Own Id: OTP-16052

• Fixed a bug in the linter where list and binary comprehensions could suppress unsafe variable errors.

  Own Id: OTP-16053 Aux Id: ERL-1039

• Fixed incorrect type specifications for erl_tar:open/2, create/2,3, and add/4.

  Own Id: OTP-16085 Aux Id: PR-2379

• Fixed erroneous type spec for binary:list_to_bin/1. Argument type was changed from iodata() to iolist().

  Own Id: OTP-16132 Aux Id: ERL-1041

• Fix a race in pool:pspawn_link that caused a noproc error to be thrown when using it to spawn a very short lived process.

  Own Id: OTP-16211

• Fixed a performance issue in ETS lookup when using the compressed option and the term contained atoms. Before this fix the decompress algorithm for atoms would unnecessarily take a global lock to validate the atom.

  Own Id: OTP-16316

Improvements and New Features

• Added a new compiler/linter option to disable warnings for unused types (nowarn_unused_type).

  Own Id: OTP-16262 Aux Id: ERIERL-435

• ETS tables have been optimized to not use any locks when running in a system with only one scheduler enabled. This can provide significant performance gains for applications that use ETS tables heavily.

  Own Id: OTP-16315

1.12  STDLIB 3.10

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• re:run() now yields when validating utf8 in a large subject.

  Own Id: OTP-15836 Aux Id: ERL-876

• Upgraded the ERTS internal PCRE library from version 8.42 to version 8.43. See http://pcre.org/original/changelog.txt for information about changes made to PCRE. This library implements major parts of the re regular expressions module.

  Own Id: OTP-15889

• The bug with ID ERL-717 has been fixed. The functions io:columns() and io:rows() only worked correctly inside interactive erlang shells before this fix. These functions returned {error,enotsup} before this fix even if stdout and stdin were connected to a terminal when they were invoked from an escript or a program started with e.g., erl -noshell.

  Own Id: OTP-15959 Aux Id: ERL-717

• Fixed handling of ".." and "@" in wildcards. ".." would only work when preceded by a literal pattern such as in "a/..", not when preceded by wildcard characters such as in "*/..". The combination "@/.." was also broken, and in addition "@" in a pattern could degrade performance of the wildcard matching.

  Own Id: OTP-15987 Aux Id: ERL-1029

• Make sure ets:fun2ms() can handle ++/2 in the head of functions when called from the shell.

  Own Id: OTP-15992 Aux Id: PR-2322

Improvements and New Features

• Debugging of time-outs in gen_statem has been improved. Starting a time-out is now logged in sys:log and sys:trace. Running time-outs are visible in server crash logs, and with sys:get_status. Due to this system events {start_timer, Action, State} and {insert_timout, Event, State} have been added, which may surprise tools that rely on the format of these events.

  New features: The EventContent of a running time-out can be updated with {TimeoutType, update, NewEventContent}. Running time-outs can be cancelled with {TimeoutType, cancel} which is more readable than using Time = infinity.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-15510

• re:run() now avoids validating utf8 in the subject more than once in the same call. This validation could previously be performed multiple times when the global option was passed.

  Own Id: OTP-15831 Aux Id: ERL-876

• ETS ordered_set tables with write_concurrency enabled has got a performance issue fixed. There were no limits for the values of internal statistics counters before this fix. This could result in that the data structure sometimes reacted slowly to a change in how many parallel processes were using it.

  Own Id: OTP-15906

• The ordsets:union/1 is now faster when passed a long list of ordsets.

  Own Id: OTP-15927

• unicode:characters_to_binary() could return very small binaries as reference counted off heap binaries. This could cause an unnecessary large memory usage and an unnecessary load on the binary allocator. Small binaries are now always returned as heap binaries.

  Own Id: OTP-16002 Aux Id: ERIERL-366

• Display a more meaningful error message when a bad I/O server is used in a script written in Erlang (escript).

  Own Id: OTP-16006 Aux Id: ERL-992

• New feature ets:info(_, binary) to get information about all reference counted binaries kept by a table. This is the same kind of debug information that process_info(_, binary) returns for a process.

  Own Id: OTP-16035 Aux Id: ERIERL-366

• Corrected ETS documentation about the behavior of compiled match specifications when serialized through external format.

  Own Id: OTP-16038 Aux Id: PR-2366

1.13  STDLIB 3.9.2

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Fix a bug that could cause a loop when formatting terms using the control sequences p or P and limiting the output with the option chars_limit.

  Own Id: OTP-15875 Aux Id: ERL-967

1.14  STDLIB 3.9.1

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Fix a bug that could cause a failure when formatting binaries using the control sequences p or P and limiting the output with the option chars_limit.

  Own Id: OTP-15847 Aux Id: ERL-957

1.15  STDLIB 3.9

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Fix a bug in string:lexemes/2.

  The bug was found when optimizing the handling of deep lists of Unicode characters in the string module.

  Own Id: OTP-15649

• A bug has been fixed in the maps implementation that could cause a crash or memory usage to grow until the machine ran out of memory. This could happen when inserting a new key-value pair with a key K1 containing a binary B1 into a map M having a key K2 with a binary B2 if the following conditions were met:

  • B1 =/= B2
  • size(B1) >= 4294967296
  • size(B2) >= 4294967296
  • size(M) >= 32
  • (size(B1) rem 4294967296) == (size(B2) rem 4294967296)
  • the first (size(B1) rem 4294967296) bytes are the same both in B1 and B2
  • substituting B1 in K1 with B2 would create a term with the same value as K2

  The root cause of the problem is that the maps implementation only hashed the first (X rem 4294967296) bytes of binaries so that different binaries could get the same hash value independently of the hash seed.

  Own Id: OTP-15707

• Since the introduction of the stack trace variable, the Erlang Pretty Printer has left out the exception class throw even when the stack trace variable cannot be left out, which is not correct Erlang code. The fix is to always include the exception class throw.

  Own Id: OTP-15751

• record_info/2 is a pseudo-function that requires literal arguments known at compile time. Therefore, the following usage is illegal: fun record/info/2. The compiler would crash when during compilation of that kind of code. Corrected to issue a compilation error.

  Own Id: OTP-15760 Aux Id: ERL-907

Improvements and New Features

• A new rand module algorithm, exro928ss (Xoroshiro928**), has been implemented. It has got a really long period and good statistical quality for all output bits, while still being only about 50% slower than the default algorithm.

  The same generator is also used as a long period counter in a new crypto plugin for the rand module, algorithm crypto_aes. This plugin uses AES-256 to scramble the counter which buries any detectable statistical artifacts. Scrambling is done in chunks which are cached to get good amortized speed (about half of the default algorithm).

  Own Id: OTP-14461 Aux Id: PR-1857

• Types related to server naming and starting have been exported from gen_statem. These are: server_name/0, server_ref/0, start_opt/0, start_ret/0 and enter_loop_opt/0.

  Own Id: OTP-14724 Aux Id: PR-2056

• The default algorithm for the rand module has been changed to exsss (Xorshift116**) which is a combination of the Xorshift116 (exsp) state update and a new scrambler "StarStar" from the 2018 paper "Scrambled Linear Pseudorandom Number Generators" by David Blackman and Sebastiano Vigna. This combination should not have the caveat of weak low bits that the previous default algorithm(s) have had, with the cost of about 10% lower speed. See GitHub pull request #1969.

  Own Id: OTP-14731 Aux Id: PR-1969

• The generic state machine behaviour gen_statem has gotten code cleanup and documentation improvements from GitHub Pull Request #1855, even though the PR itself was rejected.

  Own Id: OTP-14737 Aux Id: PR-1855

• Update Unicode specification to version 11.0.

  Own Id: OTP-15111

• ETS option write_concurrency now also affects and improves the scalability of ordered_set tables. The implementation is based on a data structure called contention adapting search tree, where the lock granularity adapts to the actual amount of concurrency exploited by the applications in runtime.

  Own Id: OTP-15128

• Optimized maps:new/0 with trivial Erlang implementation, making use of literal terms (the empty map) not needing dynamic heap allocation.

  Own Id: OTP-15200 Aux Id: PR-1878

• The gen_* behaviours have been changed so that if logging of the last N messages through sys:log/2,3 is active for the server, this log is included in the terminate report.

  To accomplish this the format of "System Events" as defined in the man page for sys has been clarified and cleaned up, a new function sys:get_log/1 has been added, and sys:get_debug/3 has been deprecated. Due to these changes, code that relies on the internal badly documented format of "System Events", need to be corrected.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-15381

• The gen_statem behaviour engine loop has been optimized for better performance in particular when the callback module returns some actions, that is better performance for more realistic applications than the Echo Benchmark.

  Own Id: OTP-15452

• Do not allow function specifications for functions residing in other modules.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-15563 Aux Id: ERL-845, OTP-15562

• The persistent_term functions put/2 and erase/1 are now yielding.

  Own Id: OTP-15615

• Previously, all ETS tables used centralized counter variables to keep track of the number of items stored and the amount of memory consumed. These counters can cause scalability problems (especially on big NUMA systems). This change adds an implementation of a decentralized counter and modifies the implementation of ETS so that ETS tables of type ordered_set with write_concurrency enabled use the decentralized counter. Experiments indicate that this change substantially improves the scalability of ETS ordered_set tables with write_concurrency enabled in scenarios with frequent ets:insert/2 and ets:delete/2 calls.

  Own Id: OTP-15623 Aux Id: PR-2190

• Use ssh instead of rsh as the default remote shell.

  Own Id: OTP-15633 Aux Id: PR-1787

• Added beam_lib:strip/2 and friends, which accept a list of chunks that should be preserved when stripping.

  Own Id: OTP-15680 Aux Id: PR-2114

• Optimize printing of maps with io_lib:write(). Also optimize pretty printing of strings (~s and ~ts) when limiting the output with the chars_limit option.

  Own Id: OTP-15705

• There are new compiler options nowarn_removed and {nowarn_removed,Items} to suppress warnings for functions and modules that have been removed from OTP.

  Own Id: OTP-15749 Aux Id: ERL-904

• Let the Erlang Pretty Printer put atomic parts on the same line.

  Own Id: OTP-15755

• Add option quote_singleton_atom_types to the Erlang Pretty Printer's functions. Setting the option to true adds quotes to all singleton atom types.

  Own Id: OTP-15756

1.16  STDLIB 3.8.2.4

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• re:run(Subject, RE, [unicode]) returned nomatch instead of failing with a badarg error exception when Subject contained illegal utf8 and RE was passed as a binary. This has been corrected along with corrections of reduction counting in re:run() error cases.

  Own Id: OTP-16553

1.17  STDLIB 3.8.2.3

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• A directory traversal vulnerability has been eliminated in erl_tar. erl_tar will now refuse to extract symlinks that points outside the targeted extraction directory and will return {error,{Path,unsafe_symlink}}. (Thanks to Eric Meadows-Jönsson for the bug report and for suggesting a fix.)

  Own Id: OTP-16441

1.18  STDLIB 3.8.2.2

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Fix a bug that could cause a loop when formatting terms using the control sequences p or P and limiting the output with the option chars_limit.

  Own Id: OTP-15875 Aux Id: ERL-967

1.19  STDLIB 3.8.2.1

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Fix a bug that could cause a failure when formatting binaries using the control sequences p or P and limiting the output with the option chars_limit.

  Own Id: OTP-15847 Aux Id: ERL-957

1.20  STDLIB 3.8.2

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• A bug in gen_statem has been fixed where the internal timeout message could arrive as an info to the callback module during high load due to incorrect use of asynchronous timer cancel.

  Own Id: OTP-15295

1.21  STDLIB 3.8.1

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Fixed a performance regression when reading files opened with the compressed flag.

  Own Id: OTP-15706 Aux Id: ERIERL-336

1.22  STDLIB 3.8

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Fix a bug in the Erlang Pretty Printer: long atom names in combination with <<>> could cause a crash.

  Own Id: OTP-15592 Aux Id: ERL-818

• Fix bugs that could cause wrong results or bad performance when formatting lists of characters using the control sequences p or P and limiting the output with the option chars_limit.

  Own Id: OTP-15639

Improvements and New Features

• Improved ETS documentation about safe table traversal and the partially bound key optimization for ordered_set.

  Own Id: OTP-15545 Aux Id: PR-2103, PR-2139

• Optimize calendar:gregorian_days_to_date/1.

  Own Id: OTP-15572 Aux Id: PR-2121

• Optimize functions calendar:rfc3339_to_system_time() and calendar:system_time_to_rfc3339().

  Own Id: OTP-15630

1.23  STDLIB 3.7.1

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Optimize pretty printing of terms. The slower behaviour was introduced in Erlang/OTP 20.

  Own Id: OTP-15573 Aux Id: ERIERL-306

1.24  STDLIB 3.7

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Document bit_size in match specifications and allow it in ets:fun2ms.

  Own Id: OTP-15343 Aux Id: PR-1962

• The beam() type in beam_lib is defined as module() | file:filename() | binary(). The module() is misleading. Giving the module name as an atom will only work if the BEAM file is in a current directory.

  To avoid confusion, module() has been removed from the type. That means that there will be a Dialyzer warning for code that call beam_lib with an atom as filename, but the calls will still work.

  Own Id: OTP-15378 Aux Id: ERL-696

• unicode_util crashed on certain emoji grapheme clusters in binary strings.

  Own Id: OTP-15428 Aux Id: ERL-777

• When an external fun was used, warnings for unused variables could be suppressed.

  Own Id: OTP-15437 Aux Id: ERL-762

• Fix reduction count in lists:member/2

  Own Id: OTP-15474 Aux Id: ERIERL-229

Improvements and New Features

• When specified, the +{source,Name} option will now override the actual file name in stack traces, instead of only affecting the return value of Mod:module_info().

  The +deterministic flag will also affect stack traces now, omitting all path information except the file name, fixing a long-standing issue where deterministic builds required deterministic paths.

  Own Id: OTP-15245 Aux Id: ERL-706

• List subtraction (The -- operator) will now yield properly on large inputs.

  Own Id: OTP-15371

• calendar:system_time_to_rfc3339/1,2 no longer remove trailing zeros from fractions.

  Own Id: OTP-15464

1.25  STDLIB 3.6

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• The specs of filename:basedir/2,3 are corrected.

  Own Id: OTP-15252 Aux Id: ERL-667

Improvements and New Features

• Let dets:open_file() exit with a badarg message if given a raw file name (a binary).

  Own Id: OTP-15253 Aux Id: OTP-13229, ERL-55

• The Format argument of the formatting functions in modules io and io_lib is accepted even if it is, for example, a list of binaries. This is how it used to be before Erlang/OTP 21.0.

  Own Id: OTP-15304

1.26  STDLIB 3.5.1

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Fix a bug that could cause a crash when formatting a list of non-characters using the control sequences p or P and limiting the output with the option chars_limit.

  Own Id: OTP-15159

1.27  STDLIB 3.5

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• gen_statem improvements.

  When using an exception that is valid but not allowed in a state enter call, the reason has been changed from {bad_action_from_state_function,Action} to {bad_state_enter_action_from_state_function,Action}.

  Timer parsing has been improved. Many erroneous timeout tuples was not handled correctly.

  The documentation has been updated, in particular the User's Guide and the pointer to it from the Reference Manual is much more obvious.

  Own Id: OTP-14015

• The type specifications for file:posix/0 and inet:posix/0 have been updated according to which errors file and socket operations should be able to return.

  Own Id: OTP-14019 Aux Id: ERL-550

• File operations used to accept filenames containing null characters (integer value zero). This caused the name to be truncated and in some cases arguments to primitive operations to be mixed up. Filenames containing null characters inside the filename are now rejected and will cause primitive file operations to fail.

  Also environment variable operations used to accept names and values of environment variables containing null characters (integer value zero). This caused operations to silently produce erroneous results. Environment variable names and values containing null characters inside the name or value are now rejected and will cause environment variable operations to fail.

  Primitive environment variable operations also used to accept the $= character in environment variable names causing various problems. $= characters in environment variable names are now also rejected.

  Also os:cmd/1 now reject null characters inside its command.

  erlang:open_port/2 will also reject null characters inside the port name from now on.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-14543 Aux Id: ERL-370

• Make io_lib:unscan_format/1 work with pad char and default precision.

  Own Id: OTP-14958 Aux Id: PR-1735

• The control sequence modifiers t and l can be used together in the same control sequence which makes it possible to have Unicode atoms and no detection of printable character lists at the same time.

  Own Id: OTP-14971 Aux Id: PR-1743

• Fix a bug in the Erlang code linter: the check of guard expressions no longer returns false if the map syntax is used. The bug affected the Erlang shell, the Debugger, and other modules evaluating abstract code.

  Own Id: OTP-15035 Aux Id: ERL-613

• A sys debug fun of type {Fun,State} should not be possible to install twice. This was, however, possible if the current State was 'undefined', which was mistaken for non-existing fun. This has been corrected.

  Own Id: OTP-15049

• Fix io:putchars/2 stacktrace rewriting at errors to point to a valid function.

  Own Id: OTP-15101

Improvements and New Features

• The gen_server has gotten a new callback handle_continue/2 for check pointing the state. This is useful at least when implementing behaviours on top of gen_server and for some start up scenarios.

  Own Id: OTP-13019 Aux Id: PR-1490

• The semantics of timeout parameter {clean_timeout,infinity} to gen_statem:call/3 has been changed to use a proxy process for the call. With this change clean_timeout implicates a proxy process with no exceptions. This may be a hard to observe incompatibility: in the presence of network problems a late reply could arrive in the caller's message queue when catching errors. That will not happen after this correction.

  The semantics of timeout parameter infinity has not been changed.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-13073 Aux Id: PR-1595

• A new logging API is added to Erlang/OTP, see the logger(3) manual page, and section Logging in the Kernel User's Guide.

  Calls to error_logger are automatically redirected to the new API, and legacy error logger event handlers can still be used. It is, however, recommended to use the Logger API directly when writing new code.

  Notice the following potential incompatibilities:

  • Kernel configuration parameters error_logger still works, but is overruled if the default handler's output destination is configured with Kernel configuration parameter logger.

    In general, parameters for configuring error logger are overwritten by new parameters for configuring Logger.

  • The concept of SASL error logging is deprecated, meaning that by default the SASL application does not affect which log events are logged.

    By default, supervisor reports and crash reports are logged by the default Logger handler started by Kernel, and end up at the same destination (terminal or file) as other standard log event from Erlang/OTP.

    Progress reports are not logged by default, but can be enabled by setting the primary log level to info, for example with the Kernel configuration parameter logger_level.

    To obtain backwards compatibility with the SASL error logging functionality from earlier releases, set Kernel configuration parameter logger_sasl_compatible to true. This prevents the default Logger handler from logging any supervisor-, crash-, or progress reports. Instead, SASL adds a separate Logger handler during application start, which takes care of these log events. The SASL configuration parameters sasl_error_logger and sasl_errlog_type specify the destination (terminal or file) and severity level to log for these events.

  Since Logger is new in Erlang/OTP 21.0, we do reserve the right to introduce changes to the Logger API and functionality in patches following this release. These changes might or might not be backwards compatible with the initial version.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-13295

• Add functions calendar:system_time_to_local_time/2 and calendar:system_time_to_universal_time/2.

  Own Id: OTP-13413

• Functions rand:uniform_real/0 and rand:uniform_real_s/1 have been added. They produce uniformly distributed numbers in the range 0.0 =< X < 1.0 that are as close to random real numbers as Normalized IEEE 754 Double Precision allows. Because the random real number exactly 0.0 is infinitely improbable they will never return exactly 0.0.

  These properties are useful when you need to call for example math:log(X) or 1 / X on a random value X, since that will never fail with a number from these new functions.

  Own Id: OTP-13764 Aux Id: PR-1574

• Added maps:iterator/0 and maps:next/1 to be used for iterating over the key-value associations in a map.

  Own Id: OTP-14012

• Changed the default behaviour of .erlang loading: .erlang is no longer loaded from the current directory. c:erlangrc(PathList) can be used to search and load an .erlang file from user specified directories.

  escript, erlc, dialyzer and typer no longer load an .erlang at all.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-14439

• Added new uri_string module to stdlib for handling URIs (RFC 3986).

  Own Id: OTP-14496

• Update Unicode specification to version 10.0.

  Own Id: OTP-14503

• filelib:wildcard() now allows characters with a special meaning to be escaped using backslashes.

  This is an incompatible change, but note that the use of backslashes in wildcards would already work differently on Windows and Unix. Existing calls to filelib:wildcard() needs to be updated. On Windows, directory separators must always be written as a slash.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-14577

• The supervisor now stores its child specifications in a map instead of a list. This causes a significant improvement when starting many children under a non-simple_one_for_one supervisor.

  Own Id: OTP-14586

• The base64 module is optimized.

  Note that the functions encode/1, decode/1, and mime_decode/1 fail unless called with an argument of the documented type. They used to accept any iodata().

  Own Id: OTP-14624 Aux Id: PR-1565

• Add function lists:search/2.

  Own Id: OTP-14675 Aux Id: PR-102

• uri_string module extended with functions for handling application/x-www-form-urlencoded query strings based on the HTML5 specification.

  Own Id: OTP-14747

• Add functions calendar:rfc3339_to_system_time/1,2 and calendar:system_time_to_rfc3339/1,2.

  Own Id: OTP-14764

• The stack traces returned by the functions of the erl_eval module more accurately reflect where the exception occurred.

  Own Id: OTP-14826 Aux Id: PR 1540

• Add options atime, mtime, ctime, uid, and gid to the erl_tar:add/3,4 functions.

  Own Id: OTP-14834 Aux Id: PR 1608

• Added ets:whereis/1 for retrieving the table identifier of a named table.

  Own Id: OTP-14884

• Improved URI normalization functions in the uri_string module.

  Own Id: OTP-14910

• The new functions io_lib:fwrite/3 and io_lib:format/3 take a third argument, an option list. The only option is chars_limit, which is used for limiting the number of returned characters. The limit is soft, which means that the number of returned characters exceeds the limit with at most a smallish amount. If the limit is set, the functions format/3 and fwrite/3 try to distribute the number of characters evenly over the control sequences pPswW. Furthermore, the control sequences pPwP try to distribute the number of characters evenly over substructures.

  A modification of the control sequences pPwW is that even if there is no limit on the number of returned characters, all associations of a map are printed to the same depth. The aim is to give a more consistent output as the order of map keys is not defined. As before, if the depth is less than the number of associations of a map, the selection of associations to print is arbitrary.

  Own Id: OTP-14983

• Add functions ordsets:is_empty/1 and sets:is_empty/1.

  Own Id: OTP-14996 Aux Id: ERL-557, PR-1703

• Improve performance of string:uppercase/1, string:lowercase/1 and string:casefold/1 when handling ASCII characters.

  Own Id: OTP-14998

• External funs with literal values for module, name, and arity (e.g. erlang:abs/1) are now treated as literals. That means more efficient code that produces less garbage on the heap.

  Own Id: OTP-15003

• sys:statistics(Pid,get) did not report 'out' messages from gen_server. This is now corrected.

  Own Id: OTP-15047

• A sys debug function can now have the format {Id,Fun,State} in addition to the old {Fun,State}. This allows installing multiple instances of a debug fun.

  Own Id: OTP-15048

• The lib module is removed:

  • lib:error_message/2 is removed.
  • lib:flush_receive/0 is removed.
  • lib:nonl/1 is removed.
  • lib:progname/0 is replaced by ct:get_progname/0.
  • lib:send/2 is removed.
  • lib:sendw/2 is removed.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-15072 Aux Id: PR 1786, OTP-15114

• Function ets:delete_all_objects/1 now yields the scheduler thread for large tables that take significant time to clear. This to improve real time characteristics of other runnable processes.

  Own Id: OTP-15078

• In control sequences of the functions io:fwrite/2,3 and io_lib:fwrite/2,3 containing p or P, a field width of value 0 means that no line breaks are inserted. This is in contrast to the old behaviour, where 0 used to insert line breaks after every subterm. To insert line breaks after every subterm, a field width of value 1 can be used.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-15103 Aux Id: ERL-607

1.28  STDLIB 3.4.5.1

Improvements and New Features

• List subtraction (The -- operator) will now yield properly on large inputs.

  Own Id: OTP-15371

1.29  STDLIB 3.4.5

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• The Module:init/1 function in gen_statem may return an actions list containing any action, but an erroneous check only allowed state enter actions so e.g {next_event,internal,event} caused a server crash. This bug has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-13995

1.30  STDLIB 3.4.4

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Correct filelib:find_source() and filelib:find_file() to by default also search one level below src. This is in accordance with the Design Principles which states that an application can have Erlang source files one level below the src directory.

  Own Id: OTP-14832 Aux Id: ERL-527

• The contract of erl_tar:table/2 is corrected.

  Own Id: OTP-14860 Aux Id: PR 1670

• Correct a few contracts.

  Own Id: OTP-14889

• Fix string:prefix/2 to handle an empty string as second argument.

  Own Id: OTP-14942 Aux Id: PR-1702

1.31  STDLIB 3.4.3

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Make ets:i/1 exit cleaner when ^D is input while browsing a table. Only the old Erlang shell is affected (erl(1) flag -oldshell).

  Own Id: OTP-14663

• Fixed handling of windows UNC paths in module filename.

  Own Id: OTP-14693

Improvements and New Features

• Improve performance of the new string functionality when handling ASCII characters.

  Own Id: OTP-14670

• Added a clarification to the documentation of unicode:characters_to_list/2.

  Own Id: OTP-14798

1.32  STDLIB 3.4.2

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Fix a bug in the Erlang shell where recursively defined records with typed fields could cause a loop.

  Own Id: OTP-14488 Aux Id: PR-1489

• Make edlin handle grapheme clusters instead of codepoints to improve the handling multi-codepoints characters.

  Own Id: OTP-14542

• There could be false warnings for erlang:get_stacktrace/0 being used outside of a try block when using multiple catch clauses.

  Own Id: OTP-14600 Aux Id: ERL-478

Improvements and New Features

• The Erlang code linter no longer checks that the functions mentioned in nowarn_deprecated_function options are declared in the module.

  Own Id: OTP-14378

• General Unicode improvements.

  Own Id: OTP-14462

1.33  STDLIB 3.4.1

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• A bug in proc_lib:format() introduced in Erlang/OTP 20.0 is corrected.

  Own Id: OTP-14482 Aux Id: PR-1488

• Fix string:len/1 to be compatible with previous versions.

  Own Id: OTP-14487 Aux Id: ERIERL-40

• In OTP-20.0, the behavior of c, make, and ct_make was changed so that in some cases the beam files by default would be written to the directory where the source files were found. This is now changed back to the old behavior so beam files are by default written to current directory.

  Own Id: OTP-14489 Aux Id: ERL-438

1.34  STDLIB 3.4

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• For many releases, it has been legal to override a BIF with a local function having the same name. However, calling a local function with the same name as guard BIF as filter in a list comprehension was not allowed.

  Own Id: OTP-13690

• A new (default) pseudo-random number generator algorithm Xoroshiro116+ has been implemented in the rand module.

  The old algorithm implementations had a number of flaws so they are all deprecated, but corrected versions of two of them have been added. See the documentation.

  Own Id: OTP-14295 Aux Id: PR-1372

• The Erlang shell, qlc:string_to_handle(), and the Debugger (the Evaluator area and Edit variable window of the Bindings area) can parse pids, ports, references, and external funs, as long as they can be created in the running system.

  Own Id: OTP-14296

• Internal code change: Calls to catch followed by a call to erlang:get_stacktrace/0 has been rewritten to use try instead of catch to make the code future-proof.

  Own Id: OTP-14400

• The ms_transform module, used by ets:fun2ms/1 and dbg:fun2ms/1, evaluates constant arithmetic expressions. This is necessary since the Erlang compiler, which normally evaluates constant expressions, does not recognize the format generated by ms_transform.

  Own Id: OTP-14454 Aux Id: ERIERL-29

• The state machine engine gen_statem can now handle generic time-outs (multiple named) as well as absolute time-out time. See the documentation.

  The gen_statem callback Module:init/1 has become mandatory to harmonize with other gen_* modules. This may be an incompatibility for gen_statem callback modules that use gen_statem:enter_loop/4-6.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-14531

Improvements and New Features

• Improved unicode support for strings. Added normalization functions in the unicode module. Extended the string module API with new functions with improved unicode handling and that works on grapheme clusters. The new functions operates on the unicode:chardata() type, thus they also accept UTF-8 binaries as input.

  The old string API have been marked as obsolete. The return values have been changed for some error cases.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-10289 Aux Id: OTP-10309

• There are two new guard BIFs 'floor/1' and 'ceil/1'. They both return integers. In the 'math' module, there are two new BIFs with the same names that return floating point values.

  Own Id: OTP-13692

• Making code_change, terminate and handle_info callbacks optional in the OTP behaviours.

  Own Id: OTP-13801

• The support for Dets files created with Erlang/OTP R7 and earlier is removed.

  Own Id: OTP-13830

• Replaced usage of deprecated symbolic time unit representations.

  Own Id: OTP-13831 Aux Id: OTP-13735

• The function fmod/2 has been added to the math module.

  Own Id: OTP-14000

• The EXIT signals received from processes using proc_lib now looks like EXIT signals from processes that were spawned using spawn_link. In particular, that means that the stack trace is now included in the EXIT signal so that it can see where the process crashed.

  Own Id: OTP-14001

• sets:add_element/2 is faster when adding an element that is already present, and sets:del_element/2 is faster when the element to be deleted is not present. This optimization can make certain operations, such as sets:union/2 with many overlapping elements, up to two orders of magnitude faster.

  Own Id: OTP-14035

• Add information in doc about supervisor shutdown reason when maximum restart frequency is reached.

  Own Id: OTP-14037 Aux Id: PR-1233

• Added rand:jump/[0|1] functions.

  Own Id: OTP-14038 Aux Id: PR-1235

• Functions for detecting changed code has been added. code:modified_modules/0 returns all currently loaded modules that have changed on disk. code:module_status/1 returns the status for a module. In the shell and in c module, mm/0 is short for code:modified_modules/0, and lm/0 reloads all currently loaded modules that have changed on disk.

  Own Id: OTP-14059

• Each assert macro in assert.hrl now has a corresponding version with an extra argument, for adding comments to assertions. These can for example be printed as part of error reports, to clarify the meaning of the check that failed.

  Own Id: OTP-14066

• error_logger_tty_h and error_logger_file_h now inserts the node information for nonlocal messages before the message itself instead of after, both for readability and so as not to change the line termination property at the end of the message.

  Own Id: OTP-14068

• The Erlang code linter checks for badly formed type constraints.

  Own Id: OTP-14070 Aux Id: PR-1214

• By default, there will now be a warning when export_all is used. The warning can be disabled using nowarn_export_all.

  Own Id: OTP-14071

• When a gen_server process crashes, the stacktrace for the client will be printed to facilitate debugging.

  Own Id: OTP-14089

• Optimized ETS operations by changing table identifier type from integer to reference. The reference enables a more direct mapping to the table with less potential lock contention and makes especially creation and deletion of tables scale much better.

  The change of the opaque type for the ETS table identifiers may cause failure in code that make faulty assumptions about this opaque type.

  Note

  The number of tables stored at one Erlang node used to be limited. This is no longer the case (except by memory usage). The previous default limit was about 1400 tables and could be increased by setting the environment variable ERL_MAX_ETS_TABLES before starting the Erlang runtime system. This hard limit has been removed, but it is currently useful to set the ERL_MAX_ETS_TABLES anyway. It should be set to an approximate of the maximum amount of tables used. This since an internal table for named tables is sized using this value. If large amounts of named tables are used and ERL_MAX_ETS_TABLES hasn't been increased, the performance of named table lookup will degrade.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-14094

• take/2 has been added to dict, orddict, and gb_trees. take_any/2 has been added to gb_trees.

  Own Id: OTP-14102

• Extend gen_event API to handle options as well.

  Own Id: OTP-14123

• Advice on how to tune the supervisor restart frequency (intensity and period) is added to System Documentation - Design Principles - Supervisor Behaviour.

  Own Id: OTP-14168 Aux Id: PR-1289

• gen_fsm is deprecated and is replaced by gen_statem, however for backwards compatibility reasons gen_fsm may continue to exist as an undocumented feature for quite some time.

  Own Id: OTP-14183

• The shell functions c/1 and c/2 have been extended so that if the argument is a module name instead of a file name, it automatically locates the .beam file and the corresponding source file, and then recompiles the module using the same compiler options (plus any options passed to c/2). If compilation fails, the old beam file is preserved. Also adds c(Mod, Opts, Filter), where the Filter argument allows you to remove old compiler options before the new options are added.

  New utility functions file_find/2/3 and find_source/1/2/3 have been added to filelib.

  Own Id: OTP-14190

• erl_tar in previous versions of OTP only supports the USTAR format. That limited path names to at most 255 bytes, and did not support Unicode characters in names in a portable way.

  erl_tar now has support for reading tar archives in the formats currently in common use, such as v7, STAR, USTAR, PAX, and GNU tar's extensions to the STAR/USTAR format. When writing tar archives, erl_tar can now write them in the PAX format if necessary (for example, to support very long filenames or filenames with Unicode characters). If possible, erl_tar will still write tar archives in the USTAR for maximum portability.

  Own Id: OTP-14226

• base64:mime_decode/1 has been optimized so that it is now almost as fast asbase64:decode/1; it used be noticeably slower.

  Own Id: OTP-14245

• erl_tar will now strip any leading '/' from pathnames when extracting files from a tar archive and write a message to the error logger. There is also new check for directory traversal attacks; if a relative path points above the current working directory the extraction will be aborted.

  Own Id: OTP-14278

• Miscellaneous updates due to atoms containing arbitrary Unicode characters.

  Own Id: OTP-14285

• The Crypto application now supports generation of cryptographically strong random numbers (floats < 1.0 and integer arbitrary ranges) as a plugin to the 'rand' module.

  Own Id: OTP-14317 Aux Id: PR-1372

• Add new function ets:select_replace/2 which performs atomic "compare-and-swap" operations for ETS objects using match specifications.

  Own Id: OTP-14319 Aux Id: PR-1076

• The Erlang code linter checks for bad dialyzer attributes. It also checks for bad type variables in type declarations.

  Own Id: OTP-14323

• Two new functions has been implemented in the rand module; normal/2 and normal_s/3, that both produce normal distribution (pseudo) random numbers with mean value and variance according to arguments.

  Own Id: OTP-14328 Aux Id: PR-1382

• Upgraded the OTP internal PCRE library from version 8.33 to version 8.40. This library is used for implementation of the re regular expressions module.

  Besides various bug fixes, the new version allows for better stack protection. In order to utilize this feature, the stack size of normal scheduler threads is now by default set to 128 kilo words on all platforms. The stack size of normal scheduler threads can be set upon system start by passing the +sss command line argument to the erl command.

  See http://pcre.org/original/changelog.txt for information about changes made to PCRE between the versions 8.33 and 8.40.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-14331 Aux Id: ERL-208

• Added function re:version/0 which returns information about the OTP internal PCRE version used for implementation of the re module.

  Own Id: OTP-14347 Aux Id: PR-1412

• The format of debug information that is stored in BEAM files (when debug_info is used) has been changed. The purpose of the change is to better support other BEAM-based languages such as Elixir or LFE.

  All tools included in OTP (dialyzer, debugger, cover, and so on) will handle both the new format and the previous format. Tools that retrieve the debug information using beam_lib:chunk(Beam, [abstract_code]) will continue to work with both the new and old format. Tools that call beam_lib:chunk(Beam, ["Abst"]) will not work with the new format.

  For more information, see the description of debug_info in the documentation for beam_lib and the description of the {debug_info,{Backend,Data}} option in the documentation for compile.

  Own Id: OTP-14369 Aux Id: PR-1367

• Add option hibernate_after to gen_server, gen_statem and gen_event. Also added to the deprecated gen_fsm behaviour.

  Own Id: OTP-14405

• The size of crash reports created by gen_server, gen_statem and proc_lib is limited with aid of the Kernel application variable error_logger_format_depth. The purpose is to limit the size of the messages sent to the error_logger process when processes with huge message queues or states crash.

  The crash report generated by proc_lib includes the new tag message_queue_len. The neighbour report also includes the new tag current_stacktrace. Finally, the neighbour report no longer includes the tags messages and dictionary.

  The new function error_logger:get_format_depth/0 can be used to retrieve the value of the Kernel application variable error_logger_format_depth.

  Own Id: OTP-14417

1.35  STDLIB 3.3

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• An escript with only two lines would not work.

  Own Id: OTP-14098

• Characters ($char) can be used in constant pattern expressions. They can also be used in types and contracts.

  Own Id: OTP-14103 Aux Id: ERL-313

• The signatures of erl_parse:anno_to_term/1 and erl_parse:anno_from_term/1 are corrected. Using these functions no longer results in false Dialyzer warnings.

  Own Id: OTP-14131

• Pretty-printing of maps is improved.

  Own Id: OTP-14175 Aux Id: seq13277

• If any of the following functions in the zip module crashed, a file would be left open: extract(), unzip(), create(), or zip(). This has been corrected.

  A zip file having a "Unix header" could not be unpacked.

  Own Id: OTP-14189 Aux Id: ERL-348, ERL-349

• Improve the Erlang shell's tab-completion of long names.

  Own Id: OTP-14200 Aux Id: ERL-352

• The reference manual for sys had some faulty information about the 'get_modules' message used by processes where modules change dynamically during runtime. The documentation is now corrected.

  Own Id: OTP-14248 Aux Id: ERL-367

Improvements and New Features

• Bug fixes, new features and improvements to gen_statem:

  A new type init_result/1 has replaced the old init_result/0, so if you used that old type (that was never documented) you have to change your code, which may be regarded as a potential incompatibility.

  Changing callback modes after code change did not work since the new callback mode was not recorded. This bug has been fixed.

  The event types state_timeout and {call,From} could not be generated with a {next_event,EventType,EventContent} action since they did not pass the runtime type check. This bug has now been corrected.

  State entry calls can now be repeated using (new) state callback returns {repeat_state,...}, {repeat_state_and_data,_} and repeat_state_and_data.

  There have been lots of code cleanup in particular regarding timer handling. For example is async cancel_timer now used. Error handling has also been cleaned up.

  To align with probable future changes to the rest of gen_*, terminate/3 has now got a fallback and code_change/4 is not mandatory.

  Own Id: OTP-14114

• filename:safe_relative_path/1 to sanitize a relative path has been added.

  Own Id: OTP-14215

1.36  STDLIB 3.2

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• When a simple_one_for_one supervisor is shutting down, and a child exits with an exit reason of the form {shutdown, Term}, an error report was earlier printed. This is now corrected.

  Own Id: OTP-13907 Aux Id: PR-1158, ERL-163

• Allow empty list as parameter of the fun used with dbg:fun2ms/1.

  Own Id: OTP-13974

Improvements and New Features

• The new behaviour gen_statem has been improved with 3 new features: the possibility to use old style non-proxy timeouts for gen_statem:call/2,3, state entry code, and state timeouts. These are backwards compatible. Minor code and documentation improvements has been performed including a borderline semantics correction of timeout zero handling.

  Own Id: OTP-13929 Aux Id: PR-1170, ERL-284

1.37  STDLIB 3.1

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• The zip:unzip/1,2 and zip:extract/1,2 functions have been updated to handle directory traversal exploits. Any element in the zip file that contains a path that points to a directory above the top level working directory, cwd, will instead be extracted in cwd. An error message is printed for any such element in the zip file during the unzip operation. The keep_old_files option determines if a file will overwrite a previous file with the same name within the zip file.

  Own Id: OTP-13633

• Correct the contracts for ets:match_object/1,3.

  Own Id: OTP-13721 Aux Id: PR-1113

• Errors in type specification and Emacs template generation for gen_statem:code_change/4 has been fixed from bugs.erlang.org's Jira cases ERL-172 and ERL-187.

  Own Id: OTP-13746 Aux Id: ERL-172, ERL-187

Improvements and New Features

• gen_statem has been changed to set the callback mode for a server to what Module:callback_mode/0 returns. This facilitates e.g code downgrade since the callback mode now becomes a property of the currently active code, not of the server process.

  Exception handling from Module:init/1 has also been improved.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-13752

1.38  STDLIB 3.0.1

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Correct a bug regarding typed records in the Erlang shell. The bug was introduced in OTP-19.0.

  Own Id: OTP-13719 Aux Id: ERL-182

1.39  STDLIB 3.0

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Fix a race bug affecting dets:open_file/2.

  Own Id: OTP-13260 Aux Id: seq13002

• Don't search for non-existing Map keys twice

  For maps:get/2,3 and maps:find/2, searching for an immediate key, e.g. an atom, in a small map, the search was performed twice if the key did not exist.

  Own Id: OTP-13459

• Avoid stray corner-case math errors on Solaris, e.g. an error is thrown on underflows in exp() and pow() when it shouldn't be.

  Own Id: OTP-13531

• Fix linting of map key variables

  Map keys cannot be unbound and then used in parallel matching.

  Example: #{ K := V } = #{ k := K } = M. This is illegal if 'K' is not bound.

  Own Id: OTP-13534 Aux Id: ERL-135

• Fixed a bug in re on openbsd where sometimes re:run would return an incorrect result.

  Own Id: OTP-13602

• To avoid potential timer bottleneck on supervisor restart, timer server is no longer used when the supervisor is unable to restart a child.

  Own Id: OTP-13618 Aux Id: PR-1001

• The Erlang code preprocessor (epp) can handle file names spanning over many tokens. Example: -include("a" "file" "name")..

  Own Id: OTP-13662 Aux Id: seq13136

Improvements and New Features

• The types of The Abstract Format in the erl_parse module have been refined.

  Own Id: OTP-10292

• Undocumented syntax for function specifications, -spec F/A :: Domain -> Range, has been removed (without deprecation).

  Using the is_subtype(V, T) syntax for constraints (in function specifications) is no longer documented, and the newer syntax V :: T should be used instead. The Erlang Parser still recognizes the is_subtype syntax, and will continue to do so for some time.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-11879

• The 'random' module has been deprecated. Use the 'rand' module instead.

  Own Id: OTP-12502 Aux Id: OTP-12501

• Background: In record fields with a type declaration but without an initializer, the Erlang parser inserted automatically the singleton type 'undefined' to the list of declared types, if that value was not present there. That is, the record declaration:

  -record(rec, {f1 :: float(), f2 = 42 :: integer(), f3 :: some_mod:some_typ()}).

  was translated by the parser to:

  -record(rec, {f1 :: float() | 'undefined', f2 = 42 :: integer(), f3 :: some_mod:some_typ() | 'undefined'}).

  The rationale for this was that creation of a "dummy" #rec{} record should not result in a warning from dialyzer that, for example, the implicit initialization of the #rec.f1 field violates its type declaration.

  Problems: This seemingly innocent action has some unforeseen consequences.

  For starters, there is no way for programmers to declare that e.g. only floats make sense for the f1 field of #rec{} records when there is no "obvious" default initializer for this field. (This also affects tools like PropEr that use these declarations produced by the Erlang parser to generate random instances of records for testing purposes.)

  It also means that dialyzer does not warn if e.g. an is_atom/1 test or something more exotic like an atom_to_list/1 call is performed on the value of the f1 field.

  Similarly, there is no way to extend dialyzer to warn if it finds record constructions where f1 is not initialized to some float.

  Last but not least, it is semantically problematic when the type of the field is an opaque type: creating a union of an opaque and a structured type is very problematic for analysis because it fundamentally breaks the opacity of the term at that point.

  Change: To solve these problems the parser will not automatically insert the 'undefined' value anymore; instead the user has the option to choose the places where this value makes sense (for the field) and where it does not and insert the | 'undefined' there manually.

  Consequences of this change: This change means that dialyzer will issue a warning for all places where records with uninitialized fields are created and those fields have a declared type that is incompatible with 'undefined' (e.g. float()). This warning can be suppressed easily by adding | 'undefined' to the type of this field. This also adds documentation that the user really intends to create records where this field is uninitialized.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-12719

• Remove deprecated functions in the modules erl_scan and erl_parse.

  Own Id: OTP-12861

• The pre-processor can now expand the ?FUNCTION_NAME and ?FUNCTION_ARITY macros.

  Own Id: OTP-13059

• A new behaviour gen_statem has been implemented. It has been thoroughly reviewed, is stable enough to be used by at least two heavy OTP applications, and is here to stay. But depending on user feedback, we do not expect but might find it necessary to make minor not backwards compatible changes into OTP-20.0, so its state can be designated as "not quite experimental"...

  The gen_statem behaviour is intended to replace gen_fsm for new code. It has the same features and add some really useful:

  • State code is gathered
  • The state can be any term
  • Events can be postponed
  • Events can be self generated
  • A reply can be sent from a later state
  • There can be multiple sys traceable replies

  The callback model(s) for gen_statem differs from the one for gen_fsm, but it is still fairly easy to rewrite from gen_fsm to gen_statem.

  Own Id: OTP-13065 Aux Id: PR-960

• Optimize binary:split/2 and binary:split/3 with native BIF implementation.

  Own Id: OTP-13082

• Background: The types of record fields have since R12B been put in a separate form by epp:parse_file(), leaving the record declaration form untyped. The separate form, however, does not follow the syntax of type declarations, and parse transforms inspecting -type() attributes need to know about the special syntax. Since the compiler stores the return value of epp:parse_file() as debug information in the abstract code chunk ("Abst" or abstract_code), tools too need to know about the special syntax, if they inspect -type() attributes in abstract code.

  Change: No separate type form is created by epp:parse_file(), but the type information is kept in the record fields. This means that all parse transforms and all tools inspecting -record() declarations need to recognize {typed_record_field, Field, Type}.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-13148

• Unsized fields of the type bytes in binary generators are now forbidden. (The other ways of writing unsized fields, such as binary, are already forbidden.)

  Own Id: OTP-13152

• The type map() is built-in, and cannot be redefined.

  Own Id: OTP-13153

• Let dets:open_file() exit with a badarg message if given a raw file name (a binary).

  Own Id: OTP-13229 Aux Id: ERL-55

• Add filename:basedir/2,3

  basedir returns suitable path(s) for 'user_cache', 'user_config', 'user_data', 'user_log', 'site_config' and 'site_data'. On linux and linux like systems the paths will respect the XDG environment variables.

  Own Id: OTP-13392

• There are new preprocessor directives -error(Term) and -warning(Term) to cause a compilation error or a compilation warning, respectively.

  Own Id: OTP-13476

• Optimize '++' operator and lists:append/2 by using a single pass to build a new list while checking for properness.

  Own Id: OTP-13487

• Add maps:update_with/3,4 and maps:take/2

  Own Id: OTP-13522 Aux Id: PR-1025

• lists:join/2 has been added. Similar to string:join/2 but works with arbitrary lists.

  Own Id: OTP-13523

• Obfuscate asserts to make Dialyzer shut up.

  Own Id: OTP-13524 Aux Id: PR-1002

• Supervisors now explicitly add their callback module in the return from sys:get_status/1,2. This is to simplify custom supervisor implementations. The Misc part of the return value from sys:get_status/1,2 for a supervisor is now:

  [{data, [{"State", State}]},{supervisor,[{"Callback",Module}]}]

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-13619 Aux Id: PR-1000

• Relax translation of initial calls in proc_lib, i.e. remove the restriction to only do the translation for gen_server and gen_fsm. This enables user defined gen based generic callback modules to be displayed nicely in c:i() and observer.

  Own Id: OTP-13623

• The function queue:lait/1 (misspelling of liat/1) is now deprecated.

  Own Id: OTP-13658

1.40  STDLIB 2.8.0.1

Improvements and New Features

• List subtraction (The -- operator) will now yield properly on large inputs.

  Own Id: OTP-15371

1.41  STDLIB 2.8

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Fix evaluation in matching of bound map key variables in the interpreter.

  Prior to this patch, the following code would not evaluate: X = key,(fun(#{X := value}) -> true end)(#{X => value})

  Own Id: OTP-13218

• Fix erl_eval not using non-local function handler.

  Own Id: OTP-13228 Aux Id: ERL-32

• The Erlang Code Linter no longer crashes if there is a -deprecated() attribute but no -module() declaration.

  Own Id: OTP-13230 Aux Id: ERL-62

• The timestamp in the result returned by dets:info(Tab, safe_fixed) was unintentionally broken as a result of the time API rewrites in OTP 18.0. This has now been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-13239 Aux Id: OTP-11997

• A rare race condition in beam_lib when using encrypted abstract format has been eliminated.

  Own Id: OTP-13278

• Improved maps:with/2 and maps:without/2 algorithms

  The new implementation speeds up the execution significantly for all sizes of input.

  Own Id: OTP-13376

Improvements and New Features

• Time warp safety improvements.

  Introduced the options monotonic_timestamp, and strict_monotonic_timestamp to the trace, sequential trace, and system profile functionality. This since the already existing timestamp option is not time warp safe.

  Introduced the option safe_fixed_monotonic_time to ets:info/2 and dets:info/2. This since the already existing safe_fixed option is not time warp safe.

  Own Id: OTP-13222 Aux Id: OTP-11997

• In the shell Ctrl+W (delete word) will no longer consider "." as being part of a word.

  Own Id: OTP-13281

1.42  STDLIB 2.7

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• The Erlang Pretty Printer uses :: for function type constraints.

  A bug concerning pretty printing of annotated type union elements in map pair types has been fixed.

  Some minor issues regarding the documentation of types and specs have been corrected.

  Own Id: OTP-13084

• The shell command rp prints strings as lists of integers if pretty printing of lists is set to false.

  Own Id: OTP-13145

• The shell would crash if a bit syntax expression with conflicting types were given (e.g. if a field type was given as 'integer-binary'). (Thanks to Aleksei Magusev for reporting this bug.)

  Own Id: OTP-13157

• The rand:export_seed/0 would never return 'undefined' even if no seed has previously been created. Fixed to return 'undefined' if there is no seed in the process dictionary.

  Own Id: OTP-13162

Improvements and New Features

• Add support for the Delete, Home and End keys in the Erlang shell.

  Own Id: OTP-13032

• beam_lib:all_chunks/1 and beam_lib:build_module/1 have been documented.

  Own Id: OTP-13063

1.43  STDLIB 2.6

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• In OTP 18.0, qlc does not handle syntax errors well. This bug has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-12946

• Optimize zip:unzip/2 when uncompressing to memory.

  Own Id: OTP-12950

• The STDLIB reference manual is updated to show correct information about the return value of gen_fsm:reply/2.

  Own Id: OTP-12973

• re:split2,3 and re:replace/3,4 now correctly handles pre-compiled patterns that have been compiled using the 'unicode' option.

  Own Id: OTP-12977

• Export shell:catch_exception/1 as documented.

  Own Id: OTP-12990

Improvements and New Features

• A mechanism for limiting the amount of text that the built-in error logger events will produce has been introduced. It is useful for limiting both the size of log files and the CPU time used to produce them.

  This mechanism is experimental in the sense that it may be changed if it turns out that it does not solve the problem it is supposed to solve. In that case, there may be backward incompatible improvements to this mechanism.

  See the documentation for the config parameter error_logger_format_depth in the Kernel application for information about how to turn on this feature.

  Own Id: OTP-12864

1.44  STDLIB 2.5

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Fix handling of single dot in filename:join/2

  The reference manual says that filename:join(A,B) is equivalent to filename:join([A,B]). In some rare cases this turns out not to be true. For example:

  filename:join("/a/.","b") -> "/a/./b" vs filename:join(["/a/.","b"]) -> "/a/b".

  This has been corrected. A single dot is now only kept if it occurs at the very beginning or the very end of the resulting path.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-12158

• The undocumented option generic_debug for gen_server has been removed.

  Own Id: OTP-12183

• erl_lint:icrt_export/4 has been rewritten to make the code really follow the scoping rules of Erlang, and not just in most situations by accident.

  Own Id: OTP-12186

• Add 'trim_all' option to binary:split/3

  This option can be set to remove _ALL_ empty parts of the result of a call to binary:split/3.

  Own Id: OTP-12301

• Correct orddict(3) regarding evaluation order of fold() and map().

  Own Id: OTP-12651 Aux Id: seq12832

• Correct maps module error exceptions

  Bad input to maps module function will now yield the following exceptions:

  • {badmap, NotMap}, or
  • badarg.

  Own Id: OTP-12657

• It is now possible to paste text in JCL mode (using Ctrl-Y) that has been copied in the previous shell session. Also a bug that caused the JCL mode to crash when pasting text has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-12673

• Add uptime() shell command.

  Own Id: OTP-12752

• Cache nowarn_bif_clash functions in erl_lint.

  This patch stores nowarn_bif_clash in the lint record. By using erlc +'{eprof,lint_module}' when compiling the erlang parser, we noticed the time spent on nowarn_function/2 reduced from 30% to 0.01%.

  Own Id: OTP-12754

• Optimize the Erlang Code Linter by using the cached filename information.

  Own Id: OTP-12772

• If a child of a simple_one_for_one returns ignore from its start function no longer store the child for any restart type. It is not possible to restart or delete the child because the supervisor is a simple_one_for_one.

  Own Id: OTP-12793

• Make ets:file2tab preserve enabled read_concurrency and write_concurrency options for tables.

  Own Id: OTP-12814

• There are many cases where user code needs to be able to distinguish between a socket that was closed normally and one that was aborted. Setting the option {show_econnreset, true} enables the user to receive ECONNRESET errors on both active and passive sockets.

  Own Id: OTP-12841

Improvements and New Features

• Allow maps for supervisor flags and child specs

  Earlier, supervisor flags and child specs were given as tuples. While this is kept for backwards compatibility, it is now also allowed to give these parameters as maps, see sup_flags and child_spec.

  Own Id: OTP-11043

• A new system message, terminate, is added. This can be sent with sys:terminate/2,3. If the receiving process handles system messages properly it will terminate shortly after receiving this message.

  The new function proc_lib:stop/1,3 utilizes this new system message and monitors the receiving process in order to facilitate a synchronous stop mechanism for 'special processes'.

  proc_lib:stop/1,3 is used by the following functions:

  • gen_server:stop/1,3 (new)
  • gen_fsm:stop/1,3 (new)
  • gen_event:stop/1,3 (modified to be synchronous)
  • wx_object:stop/1,3 (new)

  Own Id: OTP-11173 Aux Id: seq12353

• Remove the pg module, which has been deprecated through OTP-17, is now removed from the STDLIB application. This module has been marked experimental for more than 15 years, and has largely been superseded by the pg2 module from the Kernel application.

  Own Id: OTP-11907

• New BIF: erlang:get_keys/0, lists all keys associated with the process dictionary. Note: erlang:get_keys/0 is auto-imported.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-12151 Aux Id: seq12521

• Add three new functions to io_lib-- scan_format/2, unscan_format/1, and build_text/1-- which expose the parsed form of the format control sequences to make it possible to easily modify or filter the input to io_lib:format/2. This can e.g. be used in order to replace unbounded-size control sequences like ~w or ~p with corresponding depth-limited ~W and ~P before doing the actual formatting.

  Own Id: OTP-12167

• Introduce the erl_anno module, an abstraction of the second element of tokens and tuples in the abstract format.

  Own Id: OTP-12195

• Support variables as Map keys in expressions and patterns

  Erlang will accept any expression as keys in Map expressions and it will accept literals or bound variables as keys in Map patterns.

  Own Id: OTP-12218

• The last traces of Mnemosyne Rules have been removed.

  Own Id: OTP-12257

• Properly support maps in match_specs

  Own Id: OTP-12270

• New function ets:take/2. Works the same as ets:delete/2 but also returns the deleted object(s).

  Own Id: OTP-12309

• string:tokens/2 is somewhat faster, especially if the list of separators only contains one separator character.

  Own Id: OTP-12422 Aux Id: seq12774

• The documentation of the Abstract Format (in the ERTS User's Guide) has been updated with types and specification. (Thanks to Anthony Ramine.)

  The explicit representation of parentheses used in types of the abstract format has been removed. Instead the new functions erl_parse:type_inop_prec() and erl_parse:type_preop_prec() can be used for inserting parentheses where needed.

  Own Id: OTP-12492

• Prevent zip:zip_open/[12] from leaking file descriptors if parent process dies.

  Own Id: OTP-12566

• Add a new random number generator, see rand module. It have better characteristics and an improved interface.

  Own Id: OTP-12586 Aux Id: OTP-12501, OTP-12502

• filename:split/1 when given an empty binary will now return an empty list, to make it consistent with return value when given an empty list.

  Own Id: OTP-12716

• Add sync option to ets:tab2file/3.

  Own Id: OTP-12737 Aux Id: seq12805

• Add functions gb_sets:iterator_from() and gb_trees:iterator_from(). (Thanks to Kirill Kinduk.)

  Own Id: OTP-12742

• Add maps:filter/2 to maps module.

  Own Id: OTP-12745

• Change some internal data structures to Maps in order to speed up compilation time. Measured speed up is around 10%-15%.

  Own Id: OTP-12774

• Update orddict to use parameterized types and specs. (Thanks to UENISHI Kota.)

  Own Id: OTP-12785

• The assert macros in eunit has been moved out to stdlib/include/assert.hrl. This files get included by eunit.hrl. Thus, nothing changes for eunit users, but the asserts can now also be included separately.

  Own Id: OTP-12808

1.45  STDLIB 2.4

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Behaviour of character types \d, \w and \s has always been to not match characters with value above 255, not 128, i.e. they are limited to ISO-Latin-1 and not ASCII

  Own Id: OTP-12521

Improvements and New Features

• c:m/1 now displays the module's MD5 sum.

  Own Id: OTP-12500

• Make ets:i/1 handle binary input from IO server.

  Own Id: OTP-12550

1.46  STDLIB 2.3

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• The documentation of string:tokens/2 now explicitly specifies that adjacent separator characters do not give any empty strings in the resulting list of tokens.

  Own Id: OTP-12036

• Fix broken deprecation warnings in ssh application

  Own Id: OTP-12187

• Maps: Properly align union typed assoc values in documentation

  Own Id: OTP-12190

• Fix filelib:wildcard/2 when 'Cwd' ends with a dot

  Own Id: OTP-12212

• Allow Name/Arity syntax in maps values inside attributes.

  Own Id: OTP-12213

• Fix edlin to correctly save text killed with ctrl-u. Prior to this fix, entering text into the Erlang shell and then killing it with ctrl-u followed by yanking it back with ctrl-y would result in the yanked text being the reverse of the original killed text.

  Own Id: OTP-12224

• If a callback function was terminated with exit/1, there would be no stack trace in the ERROR REPORT produced by gen_server. This has been corrected.

  To keep the backwards compatibility, the actual exit reason for the process is not changed.

  Own Id: OTP-12263 Aux Id: seq12733

• Warnings produced by ms_transform could point out the wrong line number.

  Own Id: OTP-12264

Improvements and New Features

• Supports tar file creation on other media than file systems mounted on the local machine.

  The erl_tar api is extended with erl_tar:init/3 that enables usage of user provided media storage routines. A ssh-specific set of such routines is hidden in the new function ssh_sftp:open_tar/3 to simplify creating a tar archive on a remote ssh server.

  A chunked file reading option is added to erl_tar:add/3,4 to save memory on e.g small embedded systems. The size of the slices read from a file in that case can be specified.

  Own Id: OTP-12180 Aux Id: seq12715

• I/O requests are optimized for long message queues in the calling process.

  Own Id: OTP-12315

1.47  STDLIB 2.2

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• The type spec of the FormFunc argument to sys:handle_debug/4 was erroneously pointing to dbg_fun(). This is now corrected and the new type is format_fun().

  Own Id: OTP-11800

• Behaviors such as gen_fsm and gen_server should always invoke format_status/2 before printing the state to the logs.

  Own Id: OTP-11967

• The documentation of dets:insert_new/2 has been corrected. (Thanks to Alexei Sholik for reporting the bug.)

  Own Id: OTP-12024

• Printing a term with io_lib:format and control sequence w, precision P and field width F, where F< P would fail in one of the two following ways:

  1) If P < printed length of the term, an infinite loop would be entered, consuming all available memory.

  2) If P >= printed length of the term, an exception would be raised.

  These two problems are now corrected.

  Own Id: OTP-12041

• The documentation of maps:values/1 has been corrected.

  Own Id: OTP-12055

• Expand shell functions in map expressions.

  Own Id: OTP-12063

Improvements and New Features

• Add maps:with/2

  Own Id: OTP-12137

1.48  STDLIB 2.1.1

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• OTP-11850 fixed filelib:wildcard/1 to work with broken symlinks. This correction, however, introduced problems since symlinks were no longer followed for functions like filelib:ensure_dir/1, filelib:is_dir/1, filelib:file_size/1, etc. This is now corrected.

  Own Id: OTP-12054 Aux Id: seq12660

1.49  STDLIB 2.1

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• filelib:wildcard("broken_symlink") would return an empty list if "broken_symlink" was a symlink that did not point to an existing file.

  Own Id: OTP-11850 Aux Id: seq12571

• erl_tar can now handle files names that contain Unicode characters. See "UNICODE SUPPORT" in the documentation for erl_tar.

  When creating a tar file, erl_tar would sometime write a too short end of tape marker. GNU tar would correctly extract files from such tar file, but would complain about "A lone zero block at...".

  Own Id: OTP-11854

• When redefining and exporting the type map() the Erlang Code Linter (erl_lint) erroneously emitted an error. This bug has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-11872

• Fix evaluation of map updates in the debugger and erl_eval

  Reported-by: José Valim

  Own Id: OTP-11922

Improvements and New Features

• The following native functions now bump an appropriate amount of reductions and yield when out of reductions:

  • erlang:binary_to_list/1
  • erlang:binary_to_list/3
  • erlang:bitstring_to_list/1
  • erlang:list_to_binary/1
  • erlang:iolist_to_binary/1
  • erlang:list_to_bitstring/1
  • binary:list_to_bin/1

  Characteristics impact:

  Performance

  The functions converting from lists got a performance loss for very small lists, and a performance gain for very large lists.

  Priority

  Previously a process executing one of these functions effectively got an unfair priority boost. This priority boost depended on the input size. The larger the input was, the larger the priority boost got. This unfair priority boost is now lost.

  Own Id: OTP-11888

• Add maps:get/3 to maps module. The function will return the supplied default value if the key does not exist in the map.

  Own Id: OTP-11951

1.50  STDLIB 2.0

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• The option dupnames did not work as intended in re. When looking for names with {capture, [Name, ...]}, re:run returned a random instance of the match for that name, instead of the leftmost matching instance, which was what the documentation stated. This is now corrected to adhere to the documentation. The option {capture,all_names} along with a re:inspect/2 function is also added to further help in using named subpatterns.

  Own Id: OTP-11205

• If option 'binary' was set for standard_input, then c:i() would hang if the output was more than one page long - i.e. then input after "(c)ontinue (q)uit -->" could not be read. This has been corrected. (Thanks to José Valim)

  Own Id: OTP-11589

• stdlib/lists: Add function droplast/1 This functions drops the last element of a non-empty list. lists:last/1 and lists:droplast/1 are the dual of hd/1 and tl/1 but for the end of a list. (Thanks to Hans Svensson)

  Own Id: OTP-11677

• Allow all auto imports to be suppressed at once. Introducing the no_auto_import attribute: -compile(no_auto_import). Useful for code generation tools that always use the qualified function names and want to avoid the auto imported functions clashing with local ones. (Thanks to José Valim.)

  Own Id: OTP-11682

• supervisor_bridge does no longer report normal termination of children. The reason is that in some cases, for instance when the restart strategy is simple_one_for_one, the log could be completely overloaded with reports about normally terminating processes. (Thanks to Artem Ocheredko)

  Own Id: OTP-11685

• The type annotations for alternative registries using the {via, Module, Name} syntax for sup_name() and sup_ref() in the supervisor module are now consistent with the documentation. Dialyzer should no longer complain about valid supervisor:start_link() and supervisor:start_child() calls. (Thanks to Caleb Helbling.)

  Own Id: OTP-11707

• Two Dets bugs have been fixed. When trying to open a short file that is not a Dets file, the file was deleted even with just read access. Calling dets:is_dets_file/1 with a file that is not a Dets file, a file descriptor was left open. (Thanks to Håkan Mattsson for reporting the bugs.)

  Own Id: OTP-11709

• Fix race bug in ets:all. Concurrent creation of tables could cause other tables to not be included in the result. (Thanks to Florian Schintke for bug report)

  Own Id: OTP-11726

• erl_eval now properly evaluates '=='/2 when it is used in guards. (Thanks to José Valim)

  Own Id: OTP-11747

• Calls to proplists:get_value/3 are replaced by the faster lists:keyfind/3 in io_lib_pretty. Elements in the list are always 2-tuples. (Thanks to Andrew Thompson)

  Own Id: OTP-11752

• A qlc bug where filters were erroneously optimized away has been fixed. Thanks to Sam Bobroff for reporting the bug.

  Own Id: OTP-11758

• A number of compiler errors where unusual or nonsensical code would crash the compiler have been reported by Ulf Norell and corrected by Anthony Ramine.

  Own Id: OTP-11770

• Since Erlang/OTP R16B the Erlang Core Linter (erl_lint) has not emitted errors when built-in types were re-defined. This bug has been fixed. (Thanks to Roberto Aloi.)

  Own Id: OTP-11772

• The functions sys:get_state/1,2 and sys:replace_state/2,3 are fixed so they can now be run while the process is sys suspended. To accomplish this, the new callbacks Mod:system_get_state/1 and Mod:system_replace_state/2 are added, which are also implemented by the generic behaviours gen_server, gen_event and gen_fsm.

  The potential incompatibility refers to:

  • The previous behaviour of intercepting the system message and passing a tuple of size 2 as the last argument to sys:handle_system_msg/6 is no longer supported.
  • The error handling when StateFun in sys:replace_state/2,3 fails is changed from being totally silent to possibly (if the callback module does not catch) throw an exception in the client process.

  (Thanks to James Fish and Steve Vinoski)

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-11817

Improvements and New Features

• Options to set match_limit and match_limit_recursion are added to re:run. The option report_errors is also added to get more information when re:run fails due to limits or compilation errors.

  Own Id: OTP-10285

• The pre-defined types array/0, dict/0, digraph/0, gb_set/0, gb_tree/0, queue/0, set/0, and tid/0 have been deprecated. They will be removed in Erlang/OTP 18.0.

  Instead the types array:array/0, dict:dict/0, digraph:graph/0, gb_set:set/0, gb_tree:tree/0, queue:queue/0, sets:set/0, and ets:tid/0 can be used. (Note: it has always been necessary to use ets:tid/0.)

  It is allowed in Erlang/OTP 17.0 to locally re-define the types array/0, dict/0, and so on.

  New types array:array/1, dict:dict/2, gb_sets:set/1, gb_trees:tree/2, queue:queue/1, and sets:set/1 have been added.

  A compiler option, nowarn_deprecated_type, has been introduced. By including the attribute

  -compile(nowarn_deprecated_type).

  in an Erlang source file, warnings about deprecated types can be avoided in Erlang/OTP 17.0.

  The option can also be given as a compiler flag:

  erlc +nowarn_deprecated_type file.erl

  Own Id: OTP-10342

• Calls to erlang:open_port/2 with 'spawn' are updated to handle space in the command path.

  Own Id: OTP-10842

• Dialyzer's unmatched_return warnings have been corrected.

  Own Id: OTP-10908

• Forbid unsized fields in patterns of binary generators and simplified v3_core's translation of bit string generators. (Thanks to Anthony Ramine.)

  Own Id: OTP-11186

• The version of the PCRE library Used by Erlang's re module is raised to 8.33 from 7.6. This means, among other things, better Unicode and Unicode Character Properties support. New options connected to PCRE 8.33 are also added to the re module (ucd, notempty_atstart, no_start_optimize). PCRE has extended the regular expression syntax between 7.6 and 8.33, why this imposes a potential incompatibility. Only very complicated regular expressions may be affected, but if you know you are using obscure features, please test run your regular expressions and verify that their behavior has not changed.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-11204

• Added dict:is_empty/1 and orddict:is_empty/1. (Thanks to Magnus Henoch.)

  Own Id: OTP-11353

• A call to either the garbage_collect/1 BIF or the check_process_code/2 BIF may trigger garbage collection of another processes than the process calling the BIF. The previous implementations performed these kinds of garbage collections without considering the internal state of the process being garbage collected. In order to be able to more easily and more efficiently implement yielding native code, these types of garbage collections have been rewritten. A garbage collection like this is now triggered by an asynchronous request signal, the actual garbage collection is performed by the process being garbage collected itself, and finalized by a reply signal to the process issuing the request. Using this approach processes can disable garbage collection and yield without having to set up the heap in a state that can be garbage collected.

  The garbage_collect/2, and check_process_code/3 BIFs have been introduced. Both taking an option list as last argument. Using these, one can issue asynchronous requests.

  code:purge/1 and code:soft_purge/1 have been rewritten to utilize asynchronous check_process_code requests in order to parallelize work.

  Characteristics impact: A call to the garbage_collect/1 BIF or the check_process_code/2 BIF will normally take longer time to complete while the system as a whole wont be as much negatively effected by the operation as before. A call to code:purge/1 and code:soft_purge/1 may complete faster or slower depending on the state of the system while the system as a whole wont be as much negatively effected by the operation as before.

  Own Id: OTP-11388 Aux Id: OTP-11535, OTP-11648

• Improve the documentation of the supervisor's via reference. (Thanks to MaximMinin.)

  Own Id: OTP-11399

• orddict:from_list/1 now uses the optimized sort routines in the lists module instead of (essentially) an insertion sort. Depending on the input data, the speed of the new from_list/1 is anything from slightly faster up to several orders of magnitude faster than the old from_list/1.

  (Thanks to Steve Vinoski.)

  Own Id: OTP-11552

• EEP43: New data type - Maps

  With Maps you may for instance:

  M0 = #{ a => 1, b => 2}, % create associations

  M1 = M0#{ a := 10 }, % update values

  M2 = M1#{ "hi" => "hello"}, % add new associations

  #{ "hi" := V1, a := V2, b := V3} = M2. % match keys with values

  For information on how to use Maps please see Map Expressions in the Reference Manual.

  The current implementation is without the following features:

  No variable keys

  No single value access

  No map comprehensions

  Note that Maps is experimental during OTP 17.0.

  Own Id: OTP-11616

• When tab completing the erlang shell now expands zero-arity functions all the way to closing parenthesis, unless there is another function with the same name and a different arity. (Thanks to Pierre Fenoll.)

  Own Id: OTP-11684

• The Erlang Code Preprocessor (epp) could loop when encountering a circular macro definition in an included file. This bug has been fixed.

  Thanks to Maruthavanan Subbarayan for reporting the bug, and to Richard Carlsson for providing a bug fix.

  Own Id: OTP-11728

• The Erlang Code Linter (erl_lint) has since Erlang/OTP R13B emitted warnings whenever any of the types arity(), bitstring(), iodata(), or boolean() were re-defined. Now errors are emitted instead.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-11771

• The encoding option of erl_parse:abstract/2 has been extended to include none and a callback function (a predicate).

  Own Id: OTP-11807

• Export zip option types to allow referal from other modules.

  Thanks to Pierre Fenoll and Håkan Mattson

  Own Id: OTP-11828

• The module pg has been deprecated and will be removed in Erlang/OTP 18.

  Own Id: OTP-11840

1.51  STDLIB 1.19.4

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Fix typo in gen_server.erl. Thanks to Brian L. Troutwine.

  Own Id: OTP-11398

• Spec for atan2 should be atan2(Y, X), not atan2(X, Y). Thanks to Ary Borenszweig.

  Own Id: OTP-11465

Improvements and New Features

• Add XML marker for regexp syntax. Thanks to Håkan Mattson.

  Own Id: OTP-11442

1.52  STDLIB 1.19.3

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• The functions dets:foldl/3, dets:foldr/3, and dets:traverse/2 did not release the table after having traversed the table to the end. The bug was introduced in R16B. (Thanks to Manuel Duran Aguete.)

  Own Id: OTP-11245

• If the fun M:F/A construct was used erroneously the linter could crash. (Thanks to Mikhail Sobolev.)

  Own Id: OTP-11254

• The specifications of io_lib:fread/2,3 have been corrected. (Thanks to Chris King and Kostis Sagonas for pinpointing the bug.)

  Own Id: OTP-11261

Improvements and New Features

• Fixed type typo in gen_server.

  Own Id: OTP-11200

• Update type specs in filelib and io_prompt. Thanks to Jose Valim.

  Own Id: OTP-11208

• Fix typo in abcast() function comment. Thanks to Johannes Weissl.

  Own Id: OTP-11219

• Make edlin understand a few important control keys. Thanks to Stefan Zegenhagen.

  Own Id: OTP-11251

• Export the edge/0 type from the digraph module. Thanks to Alex Ronne Petersen.

  Own Id: OTP-11266

• Fix variable usage tracking in erl_lint and fixed unsafe variable tracking in try expressions. Thanks to Anthony Ramine.

  Own Id: OTP-11268

1.53  STDLIB 1.19.2

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• The Erlang scanner no longer accepts floating point numbers in the input string.

  Own Id: OTP-10990

• When converting a faulty binary to a list with unicode:characters_to_list, the error return value could contain a faulty "rest", i.e. the io_list of characters that could not be converted was wrong. This happened only if input was a sub binary and conversion was from utf8. This is now corrected.

  Own Id: OTP-11080

• The type hook_function() has been corrected in erl_pp, the Erlang Pretty Printer.

  The printing of invalid forms, e.g. record field types, has also been fixed. It has been broken since R16B.

  (Thanks to Tomáš Janoušek.)

  Own Id: OTP-11100

• Fix receive support in erl_eval with a BEAM module. Thanks to Anthony Ramine.

  Own Id: OTP-11137

Improvements and New Features

• Delete obsolete note about simple-one-for-one supervisor. Thanks to Magnus Henoch.

  Own Id: OTP-10938

• When selecting encoding of a script written in Erlang (escript) the optional directive on the second line is now recognized.

  Own Id: OTP-10951

• The function erl_parse:abstract/2 has been documented.

  Own Id: OTP-10992

• Integrate elliptic curve contribution from Andreas Schultz

  In order to be able to support elliptic curve cipher suites in SSL/TLS, additions to handle elliptic curve infrastructure has been added to public_key and crypto.

  This also has resulted in a rewrite of the crypto API to gain consistency and remove unnecessary overhead. All OTP applications using crypto has been updated to use the new API.

  Impact: Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) offers equivalent security with smaller key sizes than other public key algorithms. Smaller key sizes result in savings for power, memory, bandwidth, and computational cost that make ECC especially attractive for constrained environments.

  Own Id: OTP-11009

• Added sys:get_state/1,2 and sys:replace_state/2,3. Thanks to Steve Vinoski.

  Own Id: OTP-11013

• Optimizations to gen mechanism. Thanks to Loïc Hoguin.

  Own Id: OTP-11025

• Optimizations to gen.erl. Thanks to Loïc Hoguin.

  Own Id: OTP-11035

• Use erlang:demonitor(Ref, [flush]) where applicable. Thanks to Loïc Hoguin.

  Own Id: OTP-11039

• Erlang source files with non-ASCII characters are now encoded in UTF-8 (instead of latin1).

  Own Id: OTP-11041 Aux Id: OTP-10907

• Fix rest_for_one and one_for_all restarting a child not terminated. Thanks to James Fish.

  Own Id: OTP-11042

• Fix excessive CPU consumption of timer_server. Thanks to Aliaksey Kandratsenka.

  Own Id: OTP-11053

• Rename and document lists:zf/2 as lists:filtermap/2. Thanks to Anthony Ramine.

  Own Id: OTP-11078

• Fixed an inconsistent state in epp. Thanks to Anthony Ramine

  Own Id: OTP-11079

• c:ls(File) will now print File, similar to ls(1) in Unix. The error messages have also been improved. (Thanks to Bengt Kleberg.)

  Own Id: OTP-11108

• Support callback attributes in erl_pp. Thanks to Anthony Ramine.

  Own Id: OTP-11140

• Improve erl_lint performance. Thanks to José Valim.

  Own Id: OTP-11143

1.54  STDLIB 1.19.1

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Bugs related to Unicode have been fixed in the erl_eval module.

  Own Id: OTP-10622 Aux Id: kunagi-351 [262]

• filelib:wildcard("some/relative/path/*.beam", Path) would fail to match any file. That is, filelib:wildcard/2 would not work if the first component of the pattern did not contain any wildcard characters. (A previous attempt to fix the problem in R15B02 seems to have made matters worse.)

  (Thanks to Samuel Rivas and Tuncer Ayaz.)

  There is also an incompatible change to the Path argument. It is no longer allowed to be a binary.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-10812

Improvements and New Features

• The new STDLIB application variable shell_strings can be used for determining how the Erlang shell outputs lists of integers. The new function shell:strings/1 toggles the value of the variable.

  The control sequence modifier l can be used for turning off the string recognition of ~p and ~P.

  Own Id: OTP-10755

• Miscellaneous updates due to Unicode support.

  Own Id: OTP-10820

• Extend ~ts to handle binaries with characters coded in ISO-latin-1

  Own Id: OTP-10836

• The +pc flag to erl can be used to set the range of characters considered printable. This affects how the shell and io:format("~tp",...) functionality does heuristic string detection. More can be read in STDLIB users guide.

  Own Id: OTP-10884

1.55  STDLIB 1.19

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Wildcards such as "some/path/*" passed to filelib:wildcard/2 would fail to match any file. (Thanks to Samuel Rivas for reporting this bug.)

  Own Id: OTP-6874 Aux Id: kunagi-190 [101]

• Fixed error handling in proc_lib:start which could hang if the spawned process died in init.

  Own Id: OTP-9803 Aux Id: kunagi-209 [120]

• Allow ** in filelib:wildcard

  Two adjacent * used as a single pattern will match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories. (Thanks to José Valim)

  Own Id: OTP-10431

• Add the \gN and \g{N} syntax for back references in re:replace/3,4 to allow use with numeric replacement strings. (Thanks to Vance Shipley)

  Own Id: OTP-10455

• Export ets:match_pattern/0 type (Thanks to Joseph Wayne Norton)

  Own Id: OTP-10472

• Fix printing the empty binary at depth 1 with ~W (Thanks to Andrew Thompson)

  Own Id: OTP-10504

• The type ascii_string() in the base64 module has been corrected. The type file:file_info() has been cleaned up. The type file:fd() has been made opaque in the documentation.

  Own Id: OTP-10624 Aux Id: kunagi-352 [263]

Improvements and New Features

• Dets tables are no longer fixed while traversing with a bound key (when only the objects with the right key are matched). This optimization affects the functions match/2, match_object/2, select/2, match_delete/2, and select_delete/2.

  Own Id: OTP-10097

• Support for Unicode has been implemented.

  Own Id: OTP-10302

• The linter now warns for opaque types that are not exported, as well as for under-specified opaque types.

  Own Id: OTP-10436

• The type file:name() has been substituted for the type file:filename() in the following functions in the filename module: absname/2, absname_join/2, join/1,2, and split/1.

  Own Id: OTP-10474

• If a child process fails in its start function, then the error reason was earlier only reported as an error report from the error_handler, and supervisor:start_link would only return {error,shutdown}. This has been changed so the supervisor will now return {error,{shutdown,Reason}}, where Reason identifies the failing child and its error reason. (Thanks to Tomas Pihl)

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-10490

• Where necessary a comment stating encoding has been added to Erlang files. The comment is meant to be removed in Erlang/OTP R17B when UTF-8 becomes the default encoding.

  Own Id: OTP-10630

• The contracts and types of the modules erl_scan and sys have been corrected and improved. (Thanks to Kostis Sagonas.)

  Own Id: OTP-10658

• The Erlang shell now skips the rest of the line when it encounters an Erlang scanner error.

  Own Id: OTP-10659

• Clean up some specs in the proplists module. (Thanks to Kostis Sagonas.)

  Own Id: OTP-10663

• Some examples overflowing the width of PDF pages have been corrected.

  Own Id: OTP-10665

• Enable escript to accept emulator arguments when script file has no shebang. Thanks to Magnus Henoch

  Own Id: OTP-10691

• Fix bug in queue:out/1, queue:out_r/1 that makes it O(N^2) in worst case. Thanks to Aleksandr Erofeev.

  Own Id: OTP-10722

• There are new functions in the epp module which read the character encoding from files. See epp(3) for more information.

  Own Id: OTP-10742 Aux Id: OTP-10302

• The functions in io_lib have been adjusted for Unicode. The existing functions write_string() and so on now take Unicode strings, while the old behavior has been taken over by new functions write_latin1_string() and so on. There are also new functions to write Unicode strings as Latin-1 strings, mainly targetted towards the Erlang pretty printer (erl_pp).

  Own Id: OTP-10745 Aux Id: OTP-10302

• The new functions proc_lib:format/2 and erl_parse:abstract/2 accept an encoding as second argument.

  Own Id: OTP-10749 Aux Id: OTP-10302

• Increased potential concurrency in ETS for write_concurrency option. The number of internal table locks has increased from 16 to 64. This makes it four times less likely that two concurrent processes writing to the same table would collide and thereby serialized. The cost is an increased constant memory footprint for tables using write_concurrency. The memory consumption per inserted record is not affected. The increased footprint can be particularly large if write_concurrency is combined with read_concurrency.

  Own Id: OTP-10787

1.56  STDLIB 1.18.3

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Minor test updates

  Own Id: OTP-10591

1.57  STDLIB 1.18.2

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Fixed bug where if given an invalid drive letter on windows ensure dir would go into an infinite loop.

  Own Id: OTP-10104

• Calls to gen_server:enter_loop/4 where ServerName has a global scope and no timeout is given now works correctly.

  Thanks to Sam Bobroff for reporting the issue.

  Own Id: OTP-10130

• fix escript/primary archive reloading

  If the mtime of an escript/primary archive file changes after being added to the code path, correctly reload the archive and update the cache. (Thanks to Tuncer Ayaz)

  Own Id: OTP-10151

• Fix bug that in some cases could cause corrupted binaries in ETS tables with compressed option.

  Own Id: OTP-10182

• Fix filename:nativename/1 on Win32

  Don't choke on paths given as binary argument on Win32. Thanks to Jan Klötzke

  Own Id: OTP-10188

• Fix bug in ets:test_ms/2 that could cause emulator crash when using '$_' in match spec.

  Own Id: OTP-10190

• Fix bug where zip archives wrongly have a first disk number set to 1

  Own Id: OTP-10223

Improvements and New Features

• The message printed by the Erlang shell as an explanation of the badarith error has been corrected. (Thanks to Matthias Lang.)

  Own Id: OTP-10054

1.58  STDLIB 1.18.1

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• References to is_constant/1 (which was removed in the R12 release) has been removed from documentation and code.

  Own Id: OTP-6454 Aux Id: seq10407

• Leave control back to gen_server during supervisor's restart loop

  When an attempt to restart a child failed, supervisor would earlier keep the execution flow and try to restart the child over and over again until it either succeeded or the restart frequency limit was reached. If none of these happened, supervisor would hang forever in this loop.

  This commit adds a timer of 0 ms where the control is left back to the gen_server which implements the supervisor. This way any incoming request to the supervisor will be handled - which could help breaking the infinite loop - e.g. shutdown request for the supervisor or for the problematic child.

  This introduces some incompatibilities in stdlib due to new return values from supervisor:

  • restart_child/2 can now return {error,restarting}
  • delete_child/2 can now return {error,restarting}
  • which_children/1 returns a list of {Id,Child,Type,Mods}, where Child, in addition to the old pid() or 'undefined', now also can be 'restarting'.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-9549

• If a temporary child's start function returned 'ignore', then the supervisor would keep it's child specification. This has been corrected. Child specifications for non-existing temporary children shall never be kept.

  Own Id: OTP-9782 Aux Id: seq11964

• Use universal time as base in error logger

  Previous conversion used the deprecated calendar:local_time_to_universal_time/1

  Own Id: OTP-9854

• Calling a guard test (such as is_list/1) from the top-level in a guard, would cause a compiler crash if there was a local definition with the same name. Corrected to reject the program with an error message.

  Own Id: OTP-9866

• Fix the type spec from the doc of binary:part/3 (Thanks to Ricardo Catalinas Jiménez)

  Own Id: OTP-9920

• Correct spelling of registered (Thanks to Richard Carlsson)

  Own Id: OTP-9925

• Put gb_trees documentation into alphabetical order (Thanks to Aidan Hobson Sayers)

  Own Id: OTP-9929

• Fix bug in ETS with compressed option and insertion of term containing large integers (>2G) on 64-bit machines. Seen to cause emulator crash. (Thanks to Diego Llarrull for excellent bug report)

  Own Id: OTP-9932

• Add plugin support for alternative name lookup This patch introduces a new way of locating a behaviour instance: {via, Module, Name}. (Thanks to Ulf Wiger)

  Own Id: OTP-9945

• The function digraph_utils:condensation/1 used to create a digraph containing loops contradicting the documentation which states that the created digraph is free of cycles. This bug has been fixed. (Thanks to Kostis Sagonas for finding the bug.)

  Own Id: OTP-9953

• When an escript ends now all printout to standard output and standard error gets out on the terminal. This bug has been corrected by changing the behaviour of erlang:halt/0,1, which should fix the same problem for other escript-like applications, i.e that data stored in the output port driver buffers got lost when printing on a TTY and exiting through erlang:halt/0,1.

  The BIF:s erlang:halt/0,1 has gotten improved semantics and there is a new BIF erlang:halt/2 to accomplish something like the old semantics. See the documentation.

  Now erlang:halt/0 and erlang:halt/1 with an integer argument will close all ports and allow all pending async threads operations to finish before exiting the emulator. Previously erlang:halt/0 and erlang:halt(0) would just wait for pending async threads operations but not close ports. And erlang:halt/1 with a non-zero integer argument would not even wait for pending async threads operations.

  To roughly the old behaviour, to not wait for ports and async threads operations when you exit the emulator, you use erlang:halt/2 with an integer first argument and an option list containing {flush,false} as the second argument. Note that now is flushing not dependant of the exit code, and you cannot only flush async threads operations which we deemed as a strange behaviour anyway.

  Also, erlang:halt/1,2 has gotten a new feature: If the first argument is the atom 'abort' the emulator is aborted producing a core dump, if the operating system so allows.

  Own Id: OTP-9985

• Add escript win32 alternative invocation. escript can now be started as both "escript.exe" and "escript" (Thanks to Pierre Rouleau)

  Own Id: OTP-9997

1.59  STDLIB 1.18

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Improved algorithm in module random. Avoid seed values that are even divisors of the primes and by that prevent getting sub-seeds that are stuck on zero. Worst case was random:seed(0,0,0) that produced a series of only zeros. This is an incompatible change in the sense that applications that relies on reproducing a specific series for a given seed will fail. The pseudo random output is still deterministic but different compared to earlier versions.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-8713

• Calls to global:whereis_name/1 have been substituted for calls to global:safe_whereis_name/1 since the latter is not safe at all.

  The reason for not doing this earlier is that setting a global lock masked out a bug concerning the restart of supervised children. The bug has now been fixed by a modification of global:whereis_name/1. (Thanks to Ulf Wiger for code contribution.)

  A minor race conditions in gen_fsm:start* has been fixed: if one of these functions returned {error, Reason} or ignore, the name could still be registered (either locally or in global. (This is the same modification as was done for gen_server in OTP-7669.)

  The undocumented function global:safe_whereis_name/1 has been removed.

  Own Id: OTP-9212 Aux Id: seq7117, OTP-4174

• If a child of a supervisor terminates with reason {shutdown,Term} it is now handled by the supervisor as if the reason was 'shutdown'.

  For children with restart type 'permanent', this implies no change. For children with restart type 'transient', the child will no longer be restarted and no supervisor report will be written. For children with restart type 'temporary', no supervisor report will be written.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-9222

• Minor improvement of documentation regarding supervisor restart strategy for temporary and transient child processes.

  Own Id: OTP-9381

• A Dets table with sufficiently large buckets could not always be repaired. This bug has been fixed.

  The format of Dets files has been modified. When downgrading tables created with the new system will be repaired. Otherwise the modification should not be noticeable.

  Own Id: OTP-9607

• A few contracts in the lists module have been corrected.

  Own Id: OTP-9616

• Add '-callback' attributes in stdlib's behaviours

  Replace the behaviour_info(callbacks) export in stdlib's behaviours with -callback' attributes for all the callbacks. Update the documentation with information on the callback attribute Automatically generate 'behaviour_info' function from '-callback' attributes

  'behaviour_info(callbacks)' is a special function that is defined in a module which describes a behaviour and returns a list of its callbacks.

  This function is now automatically generated using the '-callback' specs. An error is returned by lint if user defines both '-callback' attributes and the behaviour_info/1 function. If no type info is needed for a callback use a generic spec for it. Add '-callback' attribute to language syntax

  Behaviours may define specs for their callbacks using the familiar spec syntax, replacing the '-spec' keyword with '-callback'. Simple lint checks are performed to ensure that no callbacks are defined twice and all types referred are declared.

  These attributes can be then used by tools to provide documentation to the behaviour or find discrepancies in the callback definitions in the callback module.

  Add callback specs into 'application' module in kernel Add callback specs to tftp module following internet documentation Add callback specs to inets_service module following possibly deprecated comments

  Own Id: OTP-9621

• If a Dets table had been properly closed but the space management data could not been read, it was not possible to repair the file. This bug has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-9622

• The Unicode noncharacter code points 16#FFFE and 16#FFFE were not allowed to be encoded or decoded using the unicode module or bit syntax. That was inconsistent with the other noncharacters 16#FDD0 to 16#FDEF that could be encoded/decoded. To resolve the inconsistency, 16#FFFE and 16#FFFE can now be encoded and decoded. (Thanks to Alisdair Sullivan.)

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-9624

• Make epp search directory of current file first when including another file This completes a partial fix in R11 that only worked for include_lib(). (Thanks to Richard Carlsson)

  Own Id: OTP-9645

• ms_transform: Fix incorrect `variable shadowed' warnings

  This patch removes incorrect passing of variable bindings from one function clause to another. (Thanks to Haitao Li)

  Own Id: OTP-9646

• Explicitly kill dynamic children in supervisors

  According to the supervisor's documentation: "Important note on simple-one-for-one supervisors: The dynamically created child processes of a simple-one-for-one supervisor are not explicitly killed, regardless of shutdown strategy, but are expected to terminate when the supervisor does (that is, when an exit signal from the parent process is received)."

  All is fine as long as we stop simple_one_for_one supervisor manually. Dynamic children catch the exit signal from the supervisor and leave. But, if this happens when we stop an application, after the top supervisor has stopped, the application master kills all remaining processes associated to this application. So, dynamic children that trap exit signals can be killed during their cleanup (here we mean inside terminate/2). This is unpredictable and highly time-dependent.

  In this commit, supervisor module is patched to explicitly terminate dynamic children accordingly to the shutdown strategy.

  NOTE: Order in which dynamic children are stopped is not defined. In fact, this is "almost" done at the same time.

  Stack errors when dynamic children are stopped

  Because a simple_one_for_one supervisor can have many workers, we stack errors during its shutdown to report only one message for each encountered error type. Instead of reporting the child's pid, we use the number of concerned children. (Thanks to Christopher Faulet)

  Own Id: OTP-9647

• Allow an infinite timeout to shutdown worker processes

  Now, in child specification, the shutdown value can also be set to infinity for worker children. This restriction was removed because this is not always possible to predict the shutdown time for a worker. This is highly application-dependent. Add a warning to docs about workers' shutdown strategy (Thanks to Christopher Faulet)

  Own Id: OTP-9648

• A badarg would sometimes occur in supervisor when printing error reports and the child pid was undefined. This has been corrected.

  Own Id: OTP-9669

• Fix re:split spec not to accept option 'global'(Thanks to Shunichi Shinohara)

  Own Id: OTP-9691

Improvements and New Features

• Fix a few tests that used to fail on the HiPE platform.

  Own Id: OTP-9637

• Variables are now now allowed in 'fun M:F/A' as suggested by Richard O'Keefe in EEP-23.

  The representation of 'fun M:F/A' in the abstract format has been changed in an incompatible way. Tools that directly read or manipulate the abstract format (such as parse transforms) may need to be updated. The compiler can handle both the new and the old format (i.e. extracting the abstract format from a pre-R15 BEAM file and compiling it using compile:forms/1,2 will work). The syntax_tools application can also handle both formats.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-9643

• Tuple funs (a two-element tuple with a module name and a function) are now officially deprecated and will be removed in R16. Use 'fun M:F/A' instead. To make you aware that your system uses tuple funs, the very first time a tuple fun is applied, a warning will be sent to the error logger.

  Own Id: OTP-9649

• The deprecated 'regexp' module has been removed. Use the 're' module instead.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-9737

• filename:find_src/1,2 will now work on stripped BEAM files (reported by Per Hedeland). The HiPE compiler will also work on stripped BEAM files. The BEAM compiler will no longer include compilation options given in the source code itself in M:module_info(compile) (because those options will be applied anyway if the module is re-compiled).

  Own Id: OTP-9752

1.60  STDLIB 1.17.5

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• erl_tar:extract failed when executed inside a directory with some parent directory to which the user has no read access. This has been corrected.

  Own Id: OTP-9368

• A bug in erl_scan:set_attribute/3 has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-9412

• The contract of io_lib:fread() has been corrected.

  Own Id: OTP-9413 Aux Id: seq11873

• A crash in io_lib:fread/2 when end of input data was encountered while trying to match literal characters, which should return {more,_,_,_} but instead crashed, has been corrected. Reported by Klas Johansson.

  A similar peculiarity for io:fread when encountering end of file before any field data has also been corrected.

  Own Id: OTP-9439

• The contract of timer:now_diff() has been corrected. (Thanks to Alex Morarash).

  Own Id: OTP-9450

• Fix minor typo in gen_fsm documentation (Thanks to Haitao Li)

  Own Id: OTP-9456

• The contracts of zip:zip_list_dir/1 and zip:zip_get/2 have been corrected.

  Own Id: OTP-9471 Aux Id: seq11887, OTP-9472

• A bug in zip:zip_open() has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-9472 Aux Id: seq11887, OTP-9471

• Fix trivial documentation errors(Thanks to Matthias Lang)

  Own Id: OTP-9498

• Add a proplist() type

  Recently I was adding specs to an API and found that there is no canonical proplist() type defined. (Thanks to Ryan Zezeski)

  Own Id: OTP-9499

• fix supervisors restarting temporary children

  In the current implementation of supervisors, temporary children should never be restarted. However, when a temporary child is restarted as part of a one_for_all or rest_for_one strategy where the failing process is not the temporary child, the supervisor still tries to restart it.

  Because the supervisor doesn't keep some of the MFA information of temporary children, this causes the supervisor to hit its restart limit and crash.

  This patch fixes the behaviour by inserting a clause in terminate_children/2-3 (private function) that will omit temporary children when building a list of killed processes, to avoid having the supervisor trying to restart them again.

  Only supervisors in need of restarting children used the list, so the change should be of no impact for the functions that called terminate_children/2-3 only to kill all children.

  The documentation has been modified to make this behaviour more explicit. (Thanks to Fred Hebert)

  Own Id: OTP-9502

• fix broken edoc annotations (Thanks to Richard Carlsson)

  Own Id: OTP-9516

• XML files have been corrected.

  Own Id: OTP-9550 Aux Id: OTP-9541

• Handle rare race in the crypto key server functionality

  Own Id: OTP-9586

Improvements and New Features

• Types and specifications have been added.

  Own Id: OTP-9356

• The contracts of the queue module have been modified.

  Own Id: OTP-9418

• Contracts in STDLIB and Kernel have been improved and type errors have been corrected.

  Own Id: OTP-9485

• Types for several BIFs have been extended/corrected. Also the types for types for lists:keyfind/3, lists:keysearch/3, and lists:keyemember/3 have been corrected. The incorrect/incomplete types could cause false dialyzer warnings.

  Own Id: OTP-9496

1.61  STDLIB 1.17.4

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• The default value undefined was added to records field types in such a way that the result was not always a well-formed type. This bug has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-9147

• Update index file atomically

  Since the log_mf_h index file might be read by other processes than the error handler (e.g. by the rb tool), this file should be updated atomically. This will avoid hitting the time gap between opening the file in write mode (and thus emptying the file) and the actual update with the new contents. To do this, a temporary file is written, and the file:rename/1 used to replace the real index file.

  Own Id: OTP-9148

• Fixed various typos across the documentation (Thanks to Tuncer Ayaz)

  Own Id: OTP-9154

• Supervisors should not save child-specs for temporary processes when they terminate as they should not be restarted. Saving the temporary child spec will result in that you cannot start a new temporary process with the same child spec as an already terminated temporary process. Since R14B02 you cannot restart a temporary temporary process as arguments are no longer saved, it has however always been semantically incorrect to restart a temporary process. Thanks to Filipe David Manana for reporting this and suggesting a solution.

  Own Id: OTP-9167 Aux Id: OTP-9064

• Various small documentation fixes (Thanks to Bernard Duggan)

  Own Id: OTP-9172

• Fix format_status bug for unregistered gen_event processes

  Port the gen_fsm code for format_status to gen_event in order to prevent a lists:concat([...,pid()]) crash when calling sys:get_status/1 on an unregistered gen_event process.

  Refactor format_status header code from gen_* behaviours to module gen.

  Extend the format_status tests in gen_event_SUITE to cover format_status bugs with anonymous gen_event processes. (Thanks To Geoff Cant)

  Own Id: OTP-9218

• List of pids changed to 'set' in supervisor for dynamic temporary children. Accessing the list would not scale well when adding/deleting many children. (Thanks to Evgeniy Khramtsov)

  Own Id: OTP-9242

• Change pool module to attempt to attach to nodes that are already running

  The pool module prints out an error message and takes no further action for nodes that are already running. This patch changes that behavior so that if the return from slave:start/3 is {already_running, Node} then an attempt to attach to the node is still made. This makes sense because the node has been specified by the user in the .hosts.erlang file indicating a wish for the node to be part of the pool and a manual attach can be successfully made after the pool is started.(Thanks to Kelly McLaughlin)

  Own Id: OTP-9244

• unicode: document 16#FFFE and 16#FFFF (non chars)(Thanks to Tuncer Ayaz)

  Own Id: OTP-9256

• re: remove gratuitous "it " in manpage (Thanks to Tuncer Ayaz)

  Own Id: OTP-9307

• A bug in erl_eval(3) has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-9322

Improvements and New Features

• Add timer:tc/1 and remove the catch in tc/2 and tc/3. The time measuring functions will thus no longer trap exits, errors or throws caused by the measured function.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-9169

• Allow supervisor:terminate_child(SupRef,Pid) for simple_one_for_one supervisors

  supervisor:terminate_child/2 was earlier not allowed if the supervisor used restart strategy simple_one_for_one. This is now changed so that children of this type of supervisors can be terminated by specifying the child's Pid.

  (Thanks to Vance Shipley.)

  Own Id: OTP-9201

• Types and specifications have been added.

  Own Id: OTP-9267

• Erlang types and specifications are used for documentation.

  Own Id: OTP-9271

• Allow Dets tablenames to be arbitrary terms.

  Own Id: OTP-9282

• A specification that could cause problems for Dialyzer has been fixed. An opaque type in erl_eval has been turned in to a ordinary type. This is a temporary fix.

  Own Id: OTP-9333

1.62  STDLIB 1.17.3

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Two bugs in io:format for ~F.~Ps has been corrected. When length(S) >= abs(F) > P, the precision P was incorrectly ignored. When F == P > length(S) the result was incorrectly left adjusted. Bug found by Ali Yakout who also provided a fix.

  Own Id: OTP-8989 Aux Id: seq11741

• Fix exception generation in the io module

  Some functions did not generate correct badarg exception on a badarg exception.

  Own Id: OTP-9045

• Fixes to the dict and orddict module documentation

  Fixed grammar and one inconsistency (Key - Value instead of key/value, since everywhere else the former is used). (thanks to Filipe David Manana)

  Own Id: OTP-9083

• Add ISO week number calculation functions to the calendar module in stdlib

  This new feature adds the missing week number function to the calendar module of the stdlib application. The implementation conforms to the ISO 8601 standard. The new feature has been implemented tested and documented (thanks to Imre Horvath).

  Own Id: OTP-9087

Improvements and New Features

• Implement the 'MAY' clauses from RFC4648 regarding the pad character to make mime_decode() and mime_decode_to_string() functions more tolerant of badly padded base64. The RFC is quoted below for easy reference.

  "RFC4648 Section 3.3 with reference to MIME decoding: Furthermore, such specifications MAY ignore the pad character, "=", treating it as non-alphabet data, if it is present before the end of the encoded data. If more than the allowed number of pad characters is found at the end of the string (e.g., a base 64 string terminated with "==="), the excess pad characters MAY also be ignored."

  Own Id: OTP-9020

• Supervisors will no longer save start parameters for temporary processes as they will not be restarted. In the case of simple_one_for_one workers such as ssl-connection processes this will substantial reduce the memory footprint of the supervisor.

  Own Id: OTP-9064

• When running escript it is now possible to add the -n flag and the escript will be compiled using +native.

  Own Id: OTP-9076

1.63  STDLIB 1.17.2.1

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Several type specifications for standard libraries were wrong in the R14B01 release. This is now corrected. The corrections concern types in re,io,filename and the module erlang itself.

  Own Id: OTP-9008

1.64  STDLIB 1.17.2

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• When several clients accessed a Dets table simultaneously, one of them calling dets:insert_new/2, the Dets server could crash. Alternatively, under the same conditions, ok was sometimes returned instead of true. (Thanks to John Hughes.)

  Own Id: OTP-8856

• When several clients accessed a Dets table simultaneously, inserted or updated objects were sometimes lost due to the Dets file being truncated. (Thanks to John Hughes.)

  Own Id: OTP-8898

• When several clients accessed a Dets table simultaneously, modifications of the Dets server's internal state were sometimes thrown away. The symptoms are diverse: error with reason bad_object; inserted objects not returned by lookup(); et cetera. (Thanks to John Hughes.)

  Own Id: OTP-8899

• If a Dets table was closed after calling bchunk/2, match/1,3, match_object/1,3, or select/1,3 and then opened again, a subsequent call using the returned continuation would normally return a reply. This bug has fixed; now the call fails with reason badarg.

  Own Id: OTP-8903

• Cover did not collect coverage data for files such as Yecc parses containing include directives. The bug has been fixed by modifying epp, the Erlang Code Preprocessor.

  Own Id: OTP-8911

• If a Dets table with fewer slots than keys was opened and then closed after just a lookup, the contents were no longer well-formed. This bug has been fixed. (Thanks to Matthew Evans.)

  Own Id: OTP-8923

• In a supervisor, when it terminates a child, if that child happens to have exited fractionally early, with normal, the supervisor reports this as an error. This should not be reported as an error.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-8938 Aux Id: seq11615

Improvements and New Features

• The documentation filelib:wildcard/1,2 now describes the character set syntax for wildcards.

  Own Id: OTP-8879 Aux Id: seq11683

• Buffer overflows have been prevented in erlc, dialyzer, typer, run_test, heart, escript, and erlexec.

  (Thanks to Michael Santos.)

  Own Id: OTP-8892

• Using a float for the number of copies for string:copies/2 resulted in an infinite loop. Now it will fail with an exception instead. (Thanks to Michael Santos.)

  Own Id: OTP-8915

• New ETS option compressed, to enable a more compact storage format at the expence of heavier table operations. For test and evaluation, erl +ec can be used to force compression on all ETS tables.

  Own Id: OTP-8922 Aux Id: seq11658

• The default maximum number of slots of a Dets table has been changed as to be equal to the maximum number of slots. (Thanks to Richard Carlsson.)

  Own Id: OTP-8959

1.65  STDLIB 1.17.1

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• reference() has been substituted for ref() in the documentation.

  Own Id: OTP-8733

Improvements and New Features

• The ms_transform now warns if the fun head shadows surrounding variables (just like the warnings you would get for an ordinary fun in the same context).

  Own Id: OTP-6759

• ets:select_reverse/{1,2,3} are now documented.

  Own Id: OTP-7863

• Large parts of the ethread library have been rewritten. The ethread library is an Erlang runtime system internal, portable thread library used by the runtime system itself.

  Most notable improvement is a reader optimized rwlock implementation which dramatically improve the performance of read-lock/read-unlock operations on multi processor systems by avoiding ping-ponging of the rwlock cache lines. The reader optimized rwlock implementation is used by miscellaneous rwlocks in the runtime system that are known to be read-locked frequently, and can be enabled on ETS tables by passing the {read_concurrency, true} option upon table creation. See the documentation of ets:new/2 for more information. The reader optimized rwlock implementation can be fine tuned when starting the runtime system. For more information, see the documentation of the +rg command line argument of erl.

  There is also a new implementation of rwlocks that is not optimized for readers. Both implementations interleaves readers and writers during contention as opposed to, e.g., the NPTL (Linux) pthread rwlock implementation which use either a reader or writer preferred strategy. The reader/writer preferred strategy is problematic since it starves threads doing the non-preferred operation.

  The new rwlock implementations in general performs better in ERTS than common pthread implementations. However, in some extremely heavily contended cases this is not the case. Such heavy contention can more or less only appear on ETS tables. This when multiple processes do very large amounts of write locked operations simultaneously on the same table. Such use of ETS is bad regardless of rwlock implementation, will never scale, and is something we strongly advise against.

  The new rwlock implementations depend on atomic operations. If no native atomic implementation is found, a fallback solution will be used. Using the fallback implies a performance degradation. That is, it is more important now than before to build OTP with a native atomic implementation.

  The ethread library contains native atomic implementations for, x86 (32 and 64 bit), powerpc (32 bit), sparc V9 (32 and 64 bit), and tilera (32 bit). On other hardware gcc's builtin support for atomic memory access will be used if such exists. If no such support is found, configure will warn about no atomic implementation available.

  The ethread library can now also use the libatomic_ops library for atomic memory accesses. This makes it possible for the Erlang runtime system to utilize optimized native atomic operations on more platforms than before. If configure warns about no atomic implementation available, try using the libatomic_ops library. Use the --with-libatomic_ops=PATH configure command line argument when specifying where the libatomic_ops installation is located. The libatomic_ops library can be downloaded from: http://www.hpl.hp.com/research/linux/atomic_ops/

  The changed API of the ethread library has also caused modifications in the Erlang runtime system. Preparations for the to come "delayed deallocation" feature has also been done since it depends on the ethread library.

  Note: When building for x86, the ethread library will now use instructions that first appeared on the pentium 4 processor. If you want the runtime system to be compatible with older processors (back to 486) you need to pass the --enable-ethread-pre-pentium4-compatibility configure command line argument when configuring the system.

  Own Id: OTP-8544

• Some Built In Functions (BIFs) from the module erlang was never made autoimported for backward compatibility reasons. As local functions now override autoimports, new autoimports is no longer a problem, why the following BIFs are finally made autoimported: monitor/2, monitor/3, demonitor/2, demonitor/3, error/1, error/2, integer_to_list/2, list_to_integer/2.

  Own Id: OTP-8763

1.66  STDLIB 1.17

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• The Erlang code preprocessor (epp) sent extra messages on the form {eof,Location} to the client when parsing the file attribute. This bug, introduced in R11B, has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-8470

• The abstract type 'fun' could not be printed by the Erlang pretty printer (erl_pp). This bug has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-8473

• The function erl_scan:reserved_word/1 no longer returns true when given the word spec. This bug was introduced in STDLIB-1.15.3 (R12B-3).

  Own Id: OTP-8567

• The documentation of lists:keysort/2 states that the sort is stable.

  Own Id: OTP-8628 Aux Id: seq11576

• The shell's line editing has been improved to more resemble the behaviour of readline and other shells. (Thanks to Dave Peticolas)

  Own Id: OTP-8635

• The Erlang code preprocessor (epp) did not correctly handle premature end-of-input when defining macros. This bug, introduced in STDLIB 1.16, has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-8665 Aux Id: OTP-7810

Improvements and New Features

• The module binary from EEP31 (and EEP9) is implemented.

  Own Id: OTP-8217

• The erlang pretty printer (erl_pp) no longer quotes atoms in types.

  Own Id: OTP-8501

• The Erlang code preprocessor (epp) now considers records with no fields as typed.

  Own Id: OTP-8503

• Added function zip:foldl/3 to iterate over zip archives.

  Added functions to create and extract escripts. See escript:create/2 and escript:extract/2.

  The undocumented function escript:foldl/3 has been removed. The same functionality can be achieved with the more flexible functions escript:extract/2 and zip:foldl/3.

  Record fields has been annotated with type info. Source files as been adapted to fit within 80 chars and trailing whitespace has been removed.

  Own Id: OTP-8521

• The Erlang parser no longer duplicates the singleton type undefined in the type of record fields without initial value.

  Own Id: OTP-8522

• A regular expression with many levels of parenthesis could cause a buffer overflow. That has been corrected. (Thanks to Michael Santos.)

  Own Id: OTP-8539

• When defining macros the closing right parenthesis before the dot is now mandatory.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-8562

• Some properties of a compiled re pattern are defined to allow for guard tests.

  Own Id: OTP-8577

• Local and imported functions now override the auto-imported BIFs when the names clash. The pre R14 behaviour was that auto-imported BIFs would override local functions. To avoid that old programs change behaviour, the following will generate an error:

  • Doing a call without explicit module name to a local function having a name clashing with the name of an auto-imported BIF that was present (and auto-imported) before OTP R14A

  • Explicitly importing a function having a name clashing with the name of an autoimported BIF that was present (and autoimported) before OTP R14A

  • Using any form of the old compiler directive nowarn_bif_clash

  If the BIF was added or auto-imported in OTP R14A or later, overriding it with an import or a local function will only result in a warning,

  To resolve clashes, you can either use the explicit module name erlang to call the BIF, or you can remove the auto-import of that specific BIF by using the new compiler directive -compile({no_auto_import,[F/A]})., which makes all calls to the local or imported function without explicit module name pass without warnings or errors.

  The change makes it possible to add auto-imported BIFs without breaking or silently changing old code in the future. However some current code ingeniously utilizing the old behaviour or the nowarn_bif_clash compiler directive, might need changing to be accepted by the compiler.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-8579

• The undocumented, unsupport, and deprecated function lists:flat_length/1 has been removed.

  Own Id: OTP-8584

• A bug in re that could cause certain regular expression matches never to terminate is corrected. (Thanks to Michael Santos and Gordon Guthrie.)

  Own Id: OTP-8589

• Nested records can now be accessed without parenthesis. See the Reference Manual for examples. (Thanks to YAMASHINA Hio and Tuncer Ayaz.)

  Own Id: OTP-8597

• receive statements that can only read out a newly created reference are now specially optimized so that it will execute in constant time regardless of the number of messages in the receive queue for the process. That optimization will benefit calls to gen_server:call(). (See gen:do_call/4 for an example of a receive statement that will be optimized.)

  Own Id: OTP-8623

• The beam_lib:cmp/2 function now compares BEAM files in stricter way. The BEAM files will be considered different if there are any changes except in the compilation information ("CInf") chunk. beam_lib:cmp/2 used to ignore differences in the debug information (significant for Dialyzer) and other chunks that did not directly change the run-time behavior.

  Own Id: OTP-8625

• When a gen_server, gen_fsm process, or gen_event terminates abnormally, sometimes the text representation of the process state can occupy many lines of the error log, depending on the definition of the state term. A mechanism to trim out parts of the state from the log has been added (using a format_status/2 callback). See the documentation.

  Own Id: OTP-8630

• Calling sys:get_status() for processes that have globally registered names that were not atoms would cause a crash. Corrected. (Thanks to Steve Vinoski.)

  Own Id: OTP-8656

• The Erlang scanner has been augmented with two new tokens: .. and ....

  Own Id: OTP-8657

• Expressions evaluating to integers can now be used in types and function specifications where hitherto only integers were allowed ("Erlang_Integer").

  Own Id: OTP-8664

• The compiler optimizes record operations better.

  Own Id: OTP-8668

• The recently added BIFs erlang:min/2, erlang:max/2 and erlang:port_command/3 are now auto-imported (as they were originally intended to be). Due to the recent compiler change (OTP-8579), the only impact on old code defining it's own min/2, max/2 or port_command/3 functions will be a warning, the local functions will still be used. The warning can be removed by using -compile({no_auto_import,[min/2,max/2,port_command/3]}). in the source file.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-8669 Aux Id: OTP-8579

• Now, binary_to_term/2 is auto-imported. This will cause a compile warning if and only if a module has got a local function with that name.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-8671

• The predefined builtin type tid() has been removed. Instead, ets:tid() should be used.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-8687

1.67  STDLIB 1.16.5

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Because of a race condition, using filelib:ensure_dir/1 from multiple processes to create the same path or parts of the same directory structure, filelib:ensure_dir/1 could return a meaningless {error,eexist}. That race condition has been eliminated, and {error,eexist} will now be returned only if there exists a regular file, device file, or some other non-directory file with the same name. (Thanks to Tuncer Ayaz.)

  Own Id: OTP-8389

• A number of bugs concerning re and unicode are corrected:

  re:compile no longer loses unicode option, which also fixes bug in re:split.

  re:replace now handles unicode charlist replacement argument

  re:replace now handles unicode RE charlist argument correctly

  re:replace now handles binary unicode output correctly when nothing is replaced.

  Most code, testcases and error isolation done by Rory Byrne.

  Own Id: OTP-8394

• The loading of native code was not properly atomic in the SMP emulator, which could cause crashes. Also a per-MFA information table for the native code has now been protected with a lock since it turns that it could be accessed concurrently in the SMP emulator. (Thanks to Mikael Pettersson.)

  Own Id: OTP-8397

• user.erl (used in oldshell) is updated to handle unicode in prompt strings (io:get_line/{1,2}). io_lib is also updated to format prompts with the 't' modifier (i.e. ~ts instead of ~s).

  Own Id: OTP-8418 Aux Id: OTP-8393

• The re module: A regular expression with an option change at the start of a pattern that had top-level alternatives could cause overwriting and/or a crash. (Thanks to Michael Santos.)

  Own Id: OTP-8438

Improvements and New Features

• The ability for the gen_server and gen_fsm callback modules to format their own state for display under the sys:get_status/1,2 calls has been restored and documented. (Thanks to Steve Vinoski.)

  Own Id: OTP-8324

• c:nc/{1,2} used to assume that the beam file was created in the same directory as the source code and failed to load the code if it was not. Corrected to look for the beam file in the current directory or in the directory specified by the {outdir,Dir} option. (Thanks to Alex Suraci.)

  Own Id: OTP-8337

• The documentation is now possible to build in an open source environment after a number of bugs are fixed and some features are added in the documentation build process.

  - The arity calculation is updated.

  - The module prefix used in the function names for bif's are removed in the generated links so the links will look like "http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#append_element-2" instead of "http://www.erlang.org/doc/man/erlang.html#erlang:append_element-2".

  - Enhanced the menu positioning in the html documentation when a new page is loaded.

  - A number of corrections in the generation of man pages (thanks to Sergei Golovan)

  - The legal notice is taken from the xml book file so OTP's build process can be used for non OTP applications.

  Own Id: OTP-8343

• Shell tab completion now works for quoted module and function names. (Thanks to Ulf Wiger.)

  Own Id: OTP-8383

• Explicit top directories in archive files are now optional.

  For example, if an archive (app-vsn.ez) just contains an app-vsn/ebin/mod.beam file, the file info for the app-vsn and app-vsn/ebin directories are faked using the file info from the archive file as origin. The virtual direcories can also be listed. For short, the top directories are virtual if they does not exist.

  Own Id: OTP-8387

• Macros overloading has been implemented. (Thanks to Christopher Faulet.)

  Own Id: OTP-8388

• The new function shell:prompt_func/1 and the new application configuration parameter shell_prompt_func can be used for customizing the Erlang shell prompt.

  Own Id: OTP-8393

• Improved handling of typed records in escripts

  Own Id: OTP-8434

• Added supervisor:count_children/1 to count the number of children being managed without the memory impact of which_children/1. (Thanks to Jay Nelson.)

  Own Id: OTP-8436

1.68  STDLIB 1.16.4

Improvements and New Features

• The documentation is now built with open source tools (xsltproc and fop) that exists on most platforms. One visible change is that the frames are removed.

  Own Id: OTP-8201

• [escript] The restriction that the first line in escripts must begin with #! has been removed.

  [escript] Some command line options to the escript executable has now been documented. For example you can run an escript in the debugger by just adding a command line option.

  [escript] The documentation of the escript header syntax has been clarified. For example the header is optional. This means that it is possible to directly "execute" .erl, .beam and.zip files.

  Own Id: OTP-8215

• Optimized array:from_orddict/1, it is now faster and uses less memory if the orddict was sparse.

  Changed array:reset/2, it will now never expand the array which it could before for non fixed arrays. See the documentation.

  Own Id: OTP-8216

• The Erlang Pretty Printer (erl_pp) now puts the leading [ of list comprehensions as well as the leading << of bit string comprehensions on a separate line in order to expose the Cover counter of the template.

  Own Id: OTP-8227

• The extension ".xrl" used for Leex input files is now recognized by the compiler.

  Own Id: OTP-8232

• Some clarifications have been made in the documentation regarding gen_server, gen_fsm, and gen_event behavior when handling 'EXIT' messages from the parent process. For more information see the gen_server(3), gen_fsm(3), and gen_event(3) documentation.

  Own Id: OTP-8255 Aux Id: seq11419

• The -on_load() directive can be used to run a function when a module is loaded. It is documented in the section about code loading in the Reference Manual.

  Own Id: OTP-8295

1.69  STDLIB 1.16.3.1

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• An erroneous type spec for gen:start/6 caused dialyzer to erroneously issue warnings when {spawn_opt, SpawnOptionList} was passed in the option list to the gen_server and gen_fsm start functions.

  Own Id: OTP-8068 Aux Id: seq11323, seq11314

1.70  STDLIB 1.16.3

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• The linter used to crash on invalid -opaque declarations.

  Own Id: OTP-8051

• Bugs in digraph:add_edge/5 and digraph:del_path/3 have been fixed. (Thanks to Crystal Din.)

  Own Id: OTP-8066

• When trying to insert objects with dets:insert_new() into a Dets table of type duplicate_bag, already existing objects would sometimes be duplicated. This bug has been fixed. (Thanks to Crystal Din.)

  Own Id: OTP-8070

• Running erlc in a very deep directory (with a path length of more 256 or more characters) would cause the emulator to crash in a call to list_to_atom/1. (Thanks to Chris Newcombe.)

  Own Id: OTP-8124

• A few minor bugs have been fixed in the Erlang Code Preprocessor (epp).

  Own Id: OTP-8130

• A bug in The Erlang Meta Interpreter (erl_eval) has been fixed: exceptions generated in the template of bit string comprehensions were not handled properly. (Thanks to Ulf Wiger.)

  Own Id: OTP-8133

Improvements and New Features

• Option {capture,none} was missing in documentation for re:run/3.

  Own Id: OTP-8113

• When erl_scan:tokens() returns an error tuple {error, ErrorInfo, EndLocation}, the list LeftOverChars is the remaining characters of the input data, starting from EndLocation. It used to be the empty list.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-8129

• The Erlang Meta Interpreter (erl_eval) has been somewhat optimized when it comes to interpreting receive-expressions. (Thanks to Richard Carlsson.)

  Own Id: OTP-8139

• The Erlang Pretty Printer (erl_pp) has been modified as to handle types.

  Own Id: OTP-8150

1.71  STDLIB 1.16.2

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• The text of tokens returned by the Erlang scanner (erl_scan) was sometimes empty when the text option was given and StartLocation was a line. This bug has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-7965

• The documentation for base64:decode/1 has been updated to point out that it strips whitespace.

  base64:decode/1 and base64:mime_decode/1 would sometimes fail instead of stripping away non-base64 characters.

  Own Id: OTP-7984

• Two types in the gen module were corrected.

  Own Id: OTP-8029 Aux Id: seq11296

• array:from_orddict([]) and array:from_list([]) would construct fixed arrays instead of extendible arrays.

  Own Id: OTP-8033

Improvements and New Features

• Interpreted escripts are now tail recursive.

  The function erl_eval:expr/5 has been introduced.

  Own Id: OTP-7933

• gen_server:call/2,3 will be somewhat faster if the calling process has a many messages in its message queue.

  Own Id: OTP-7979

• Random now supports seed with arity one, random:seed/1, which takes a three-tuple.

  Own Id: OTP-8019

• The regexp module now recognizes the escape sequences \xXY and \x{X...}.

  Own Id: OTP-8024

1.72  STDLIB 1.16.1

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• The documentation of dets:open_file/1 now states that the file is repaired if it has not been properly closed. (Thanks to Ulf Wiger.)

  Own Id: OTP-7895

Improvements and New Features

• The Erlang scanner no longer returns the text of tokens when the start location is a pair of a line and column unless the new option text is supplied (incompatibility with R13A).

  There are new functions to access the attributes of tokens: attributes_info/1,2 and set_attribute/3.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-7892 Aux Id: OTP-7810

• Several glitches and performance issues in the Unicode and I/O-system implementation of R13A have been corrected.

  Own Id: OTP-7896 Aux Id: OTP-7648 OTP-7887

• The type spec of filelib:wildcard/2 has been corrected.

  Own Id: OTP-7915

• New functions: gb_sets:is_disjoint/2, ordsets:is_disjoint/2, and gb_sets:is_disjoint/2.

  Own Id: OTP-7947

• The function gb_trees:map/2 which was added in R13A is now documented.

  Own Id: OTP-7948

1.73  STDLIB 1.16

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Fixed a minor race conditions in gen_server:start*: if one of these functions returned {error,Reason} or ignore, the name could still be registered (either locally or in global).

  A process started by proc_lib in some cases depended on its process dictionary not to be erased, and would crash when terminating abnormally and not generate a proper crash report. This has been corrected (but the initial call will not be shown in the error report if the process dictionary has been erased). NOTE: There is no longer any need to erase the process dictionary for memory conservation reasons, since the actual call arguments are no longer saved in the process dictionary.

  Own Id: OTP-7669

• The Erlang preprocessor used wrong line number when stringifying macro arguments. (Thanks to John Hughes.)

  Own Id: OTP-7702

• A bug in the qlc module has been fixed: merge join sometimes failed to return all answers. (Thanks to Bernard Duggan.)

  Own Id: OTP-7714

Improvements and New Features

• A new option, key_equality, has been added to qlc:table/2. This option makes it possible for qlc to better handle tables that use ==/2 when comparing keys for equality (examples of such tables are ordered ETS tables and gb_table in qlc(3)).

  Own Id: OTP-6674

• The functions lists:seq/1,2 return the empty list in a few cases when they used to generate an exception, for example lists:seq(1, 0). See lists(3) for details. (Thanks to Richard O'Keefe.)

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-7230

• The order of objects visited in select for ordered_set is now documented.

  Own Id: OTP-7339

• It is now possible to debug code in escripts and archives.

  Own Id: OTP-7626

• Support for Unicode is implemented as described in EEP10. Formatting and reading of unicode data both from terminals and files is supported by the io and io_lib modules. Files can be opened in modes with automatic translation to and from different unicode formats. The module 'unicode' contains functions for conversion between external and internal unicode formats and the re module has support for unicode data. There is also language syntax for specifying string and character data beyond the ISO-latin-1 range.

  The interactive shell will support input and output of unicode characters when the terminal and operating system supports it.

  Please see the EEP and the io/io_lib manual pages as well as the stdlib users guide for details.

  I/O-protocol incompatibilities:

  The io_protocol between io_Server and client is updated to handle protocol data in unicode formats. The updated protocol is now documented. The specification resides in the stdlib users manual, which is a new part of the manual.

  io module incompatibilities:

  The io:put_chars, io:get_chars and io:get_line all handle and return unicode data. In the case where binaries can be provided (as to io:put_chars), they shall be encoded in UTF-8. When binaries are returned (as by io:get_line/get_chars when the io_server is set in binary mode) the returned data is also always encoded as UTF-8. The file module however still returns byte-oriented data, why file:read can be used instead of io:get_chars to read binary data in ISO-latin-1.

  io_lib module incompatibilities:

  io_lib:format can, given new format directives (i.e "~ts" and "~tc"), return lists containing integers larger than 255.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-7648 Aux Id: OTP-7580 OTP-7514 OTP-7494 OTP-7443 OTP-7181 EEP10 EEP11

• The function pool:attach/1 now returns already_attached if the node is already attached, rather than allready_attached (sic!). (Thanks to Edwin Fine.)

  Own Id: OTP-7653 Aux Id: OTP-7603

• Preprocessor directives are now allowed in escripts. This means that for example macros may be used in escripts.

  Own Id: OTP-7662

• When a process started with proc_lib, gen_server, or gen_fsm exits with reason {shutdown,Term}, a crash report will no longer be generated (to allow a clean shutdown, but still provide additional information to process that are linked to the terminating process).

  Own Id: OTP-7740 Aux Id: seq10847

• A new BIF, lists:keyfind/3, has been added. It works like lists:keysearch/3 except that it does not wrap the returned tuple in a value tuple in case of success. (Thanks to James Hague for suggesting this function.)

  Own Id: OTP-7752

• lists:suffix(Suffix, List) used to have a a complexity of length(Suffix)*length(List) (which could become quite slow for some inputs). It has now been re-implemented so that its complexity is length(Suffix)+length(List). (Thanks to Richard O'Keefe for the new implementation.)

  Own Id: OTP-7797

• The Erlang scanner has been augmented as to return white spaces, comments, and exact location of tokens. The functions string/3, tokens/4, and token_info/1,2 are new. See erl_scan(3) for details.

  tokens/3,4 have been modified as to return a list of tokens instead of an error when eof is encountered before the dot.

  Own Id: OTP-7810

• filelib:fold_files/5 now uses the re module instead of the regexp module for regular expression matching. In practice, this change will not be a problem for most regular expressions used for filelib:fold_files/5. (The major difference in regular expression is that parenthesis and curly brackets is treated as literal characters by regexp but as special characters by re; fortunately, those characters are rarely used in filenames.)

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-7819

• digraph:new(Type) will now cause a badarg exception if Type is not a valid type. Similarly, digraph_utils:subgraph/2,3 will now cause a badarg if the arguments are invalid. (Those functions used to return error tuples if something was wrong.)

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-7824

• The argument passed to random:uniform/1 must now be an integer (as stated in the documentation). In previous releases, a floating point number was also allowed.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-7827

• The copyright notices have been updated.

  Own Id: OTP-7851

• A few missing match spec functions was added to dbg:fun2ms; exception_trace/0 and trace/2,3.

  There is a new function queue:member/2.

  A bug in io_lib:fread that made it accidentally concatenate fields separated by newline has been corrected. Reported and analyzed by Matthew Palmer to erlang-patches.

  Own Id: OTP-7865

1.74  STDLIB 1.15.5

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• A bug in the qlc module has been fixed: when merge joining two query handles the temporary file used for equivalence classes was not truncated properly which could result in poor performance.

  Own Id: OTP-7552

• The characters 16#C0 and 16#E0 ("A" and "a" with grave accent), were not properly converted by the string:to_lower/1 and string:to_upper/1 functions. (Thanks to Richard O'Keefe.)

  Own Id: OTP-7589

• The function pool:attach/1 now returns already_attached if the node is already attached, rather than allready_attached (sic!). (Thanks to Edwin Fine.)

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-7603

• The documentation for io:get_line/1,2 now mentions that the return value can also be {error,Reason}.

  Own Id: OTP-7604 Aux Id: seq11063

Improvements and New Features

• The split function is now added to the re library. Exceptions and errors from both run, replace and split are made more consistent.

  Own Id: OTP-7514 Aux Id: OTP-7494

• Processes spawned using proc_lib (including gen_server and other library modules that use proc_lib) no longer keep the entire argument list for the initial call, but only the arity.

  Also, if proc_lib:spawn/1 is used to spawn a fun, the actual fun is not kept, but only module, function name, and arity of the function that implements the fun.

  The reason for the change is that keeping the initial fun (or a fun in an argument list), would prevent upgrading the code for the module. A secondary reason is that keeping the fun and function arguments could waste a significant amount of memory.

  The drawback with the change is that the crash reports will provide less precise information about the initial call (only Module:Function/Arity instead of Module:Function(Arguments)). The function proc_lib:initial_call/1 still returns a list, but each argument has been replaced with a dummy atom.

  Own Id: OTP-7531 Aux Id: seq11036

• There is now experimental support for loading of code from archive files. See the documentation of code, init, erl_prim_loader and escript for more info.

  The error handling of escripts has been improved.

  An escript may now set explicit arguments to the emulator, such as -smp enabled.

  An escript may now contain a precompiled beam file.

  An escript may now contain an archive file containing one or more applications (experimental).

  The internal module code_aux has been removed.

  Own Id: OTP-7548 Aux Id: otp-6622

• Enabled explicit control of which types of files that should be compressed in a ZIP archive.

  Own Id: OTP-7549 Aux Id: otp-6622

• In the job control mode, the "s" and "r" commands now take an optional argument to specify which shell to start. (Thanks to Robert Virding.)

  Own Id: OTP-7617

1.75  STDLIB 1.15.4

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• A bug in the calendar module could cause calendar:local_time_to_universal_time_dst/1 to return duplicate identical values for local times in timezones without DST. Multiple values should only be returned when a local time is within the hour occurring twice due to shift from DST to non-DST, and certainly only in timezones with DST. The correct behaviour is now implemented.

  Own Id: OTP-7344 Aux Id: seq10960

• The documentation of (d)ets:init_table() has been corrected. (Thanks to Paul Mineiro.)

  Own Id: OTP-7413

• The soft upper limit of 60 on the number of non-white characters on a line, which was introduced in R12B-0 for the control sequences p and P of the functions io:fwrite/2,3 and io_lib:fwrite/2, has been removed. This means that terms whose printed representation fits on a line will have no NEWLINEs. The Erlang shell still uses the 60 character limit, though.

  Own Id: OTP-7421 Aux Id: OTP-6708

• Some debug code has been removed from Dets.

  Own Id: OTP-7424

• The documentation of dets:match_delete/2 has been corrected. (Thanks to Paul Mineiro.)

  Own Id: OTP-7445

• Corrections of digraph(3). (Thanks to Vlad Dumitrescu.)

  Own Id: OTP-7492

• For the process that an escript runs in, the trap_exit process flag is now false instead of true (as in previous releases). Scripts that depend on the previous (counter-intuitive) behaviour might not work. (Thanks to Bengt Kleberg.)

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-7517

Improvements and New Features

• The documentation of lists:(u)sort/2 now states what is expected of an ordering function.

  Own Id: OTP-7489

• The re module is extended with repetitive matches (global option) and replacement function.

  Own Id: OTP-7494 Aux Id: OTP-7181

• The Erlang shell now displays a nicer error message when evaluating an undefined command. (Thanks to Richard Carlsson.)

  Own Id: OTP-7495

1.76  STDLIB 1.15.3

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• zip:unzip to/from binary with empty directories did not work. (Thanks to Martin Dvorak.)

  Own Id: OTP-7248

• The documentation of the control sequence w of the io_lib module now states that floating point numbers are printed accurately.

  Own Id: OTP-7324 Aux Id: OTP-7084

• zip:unzip was not supporting a flavour of the zip format found in jar-files.

  Own Id: OTP-7382 Aux Id: seq10970

Improvements and New Features

• An experimental module "re" is added to the emulator which interfaces a publicly available regular expression library for Perl-like regular expressions (PCRE). The interface is purely experimental and *will* be subject to change.

  The implementation is for reference and testing in connection to the relevant EEP.

  Own Id: OTP-7181

1.77  STDLIB 1.15.2

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• When inserting many small objects, Dets sometimes crashed when reaching the maximum number of slots. (Thanks to Daniel Goertzen.)

  Own Id: OTP-7146

• Processes linked to the Erlang shell did not get an exit signal when the evaluator process was killed. This bug, introduced in R12B-0, has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-7184 Aux Id: OTP-6554

• Invalid arguments to ets:update_counter/3 were not handled correctly. A tuple position (Pos) less than 1 caused the element directly following the key to be updated (as if no position at all had been specified). All invalid values for Pos will now fail with badarg.

  Own Id: OTP-7226

• For certain terminals, io:columns/0 could return 0 instead of enotsup. That is now corrected.

  Own Id: OTP-7229 Aux Id: seq10886

• qlc:info() can now handle port identifiers, pids, references, and funs. (Thanks to Wojciech Kaczmare for reporting this bug.)

  When evaluating the parent_fun messages sent to the process calling qlc:cursor() were sometimes erroneously consumed. This bug has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-7232

• erl_parse:abstract() can now handle bit strings.

  Own Id: OTP-7234

Improvements and New Features

• The queue module has been rewritten to make it easier to use. Suggestions and discussion from and with among others Lev Walkin, Anders Ramsell and Rober Virding in december 2007 on erlang-questions@erlang.org. It was also discussed to change the internal representation to contain length information which would speed up len/1 but that change has been postponed. Anyone interested may write an EEP and try to reach an acceptable compromise for queue overhead and thereby the speed of all other operations than len/1. The queue module is now optimized for fast and minimal garbage in/2 and out/1 and such. See the documentation.

  New functions: is_queue/1, get/1, get_r/1, peek/1, peek_r/1, drop/1, drop_r/1 and liat/1. is_queue/1 is a new predicate, liat/1 is a correction of an old misspelling, and the others (get*, peek* and drop*) are new interface functions.

  Own Id: OTP-7064

• The functions io_lib:write/1,2 and io_lib:print/1,4 have been changed when it comes to writing floating point numbers. This change affects the control sequences p, P, w, and W of the io_lib module. (Thanks to Bob Ippolito for code contribution.)

  Own Id: OTP-7084

• Updated the documentation for erlang:function_exported/3 and io:format/2 functions to no longer state that those functions are kept mainly for backwards compatibility.

  Own Id: OTP-7186

• A new BIF ets:update_element/3. To update individual elements within an ets-tuple, without having to read, update and write back the entire tuple.

  Own Id: OTP-7200

• string:join/2 now accepts an empty list as first argument.

  Own Id: OTP-7231 Aux Id: OTP-6671

• qlc:info/1,2 accepts a new option, depth. The type SelectedObjects used in the description of qlc:table/2 has been augmented.

  Own Id: OTP-7238

• tuple_size/1 and byte_size/1 have been substituted for size/1 in the documentation.

  Own Id: OTP-7244

1.78  STDLIB 1.15.1

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Ets:select/3 in combination with ets:repair_continuation/2 and ordered_set data tables could result in function_clause although used as intended. This is now corrected. Thanks to Paul Mineiro for finding and isolating the bug!

  Own Id: OTP-7025

• The compiler warning for the deprecated function ftp:close/1 now mentions the correct replacement function.

  The warning for the removed functions in the httpd_util module have been changed to say they have been removed, not merely deprecated. (Thanks to Fredrik Thulin.)

  Own Id: OTP-7034 Aux Id: seq10825

• In (Expr)#r{} (no fields are updated), Expr is no longer evaluated more than once. There is also a test that Expr is of the correct record type. (Thanks to Dominic Williams.)

  Own Id: OTP-7078 Aux Id: OTP-4962

• Documentation bugfixes and clarifications.

  (Thanks to Joern (opendev@gmail.com), Matthias Lang, and Richard Carlsson.)

  Own Id: OTP-7079

• Duplicated objects were sometimes not deleted from the list of answers when a QLC table was traversed using a match specification. (Thanks to Dmitri Girenko.)

  Own Id: OTP-7114

Improvements and New Features

• The documentation has been updated so as to reflect the last updates of the Erlang shell as well as the minor modifications of the control sequence p of the io_lib module.

  Superfluous empty lines have been removed from code examples and from Erlang shell examples.

  Own Id: OTP-6944 Aux Id: OTP-6554, OTP-6911

• tuple_size/1 and byte_size/1 have been substituted for size/1.

  Own Id: OTP-7009

• It is now possible to hibernate a gen_server/gen_event/gen_fsm. In gen_server and gen_fsm, hibernation is triggered by returning the atom 'hibernate' instead of a timeout value. In the gen_event case hibernation is triggered by a event handler returning a tuple with an extra element containing the atom 'hibernate'.

  Own Id: OTP-7026 Aux Id: seq10817

• Some undocumented debug functionality has been added to Dets.

  Own Id: OTP-7066

• The functions digraph_utils:is_tree/1, digraph_utils:is_arborescence/1, and digraph_utils:arborescence_root/1 are new.

  Own Id: OTP-7081

• The compiler could generate suboptimal code for record updates if the record update code consisted of multiple source code lines.

  Own Id: OTP-7101

1.79  STDLIB 1.15

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Bugs have been fixed in qlc:

  • Setting the lookup_fun option of qlc:table/2 to undefined could cause a crash.
  • If a QLC restricted some column of a table in such a way that a traversal using a match specification was possible and the QLC also compared the key column or some indexed column of the the table with a column of some other table, qlc always chose to traverse the table first, never considering lookup join. This has been changed so that lookup join is always preferred; if an initial traversal using the match specification is desired, the query needs to be rewritten introducing an extra QLC with the filter(s) restricting the column.
  • When trying to find candidates for match specifications and lookup, filters using variables from one generator only are ignored unless they are placed immediately after the generator and possibly other filters using variables from the same generator. In particular, filters joining two tables should not be placed between the generator and the filters using the generator only.
  • The call-back function TraverseFun used for implementing QLC tables is allowed to return a term other than a list since STDLIB 1.14 (OTP-5195). However, when the returned term was a fun qlc often tried to call the fun instead of returning it.

  A few minor optimizations have been implemented as well.

  Own Id: OTP-6673

• A bug concerning the use of parameterized modules from the shell has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-6785

• A bug regarding the size expression of the bit syntax has been fixed in the erl_eval module.

  Own Id: OTP-6787

• The log_mf_h event handler didn't close the index file when it was done reading it causing a file descriptor leak.

  Own Id: OTP-6800

• Definitions for the filename() and dirname() types have been added to the documentation for the filelib module.

  Own Id: OTP-6870

• file:write_file/3, file:write/2 and file:read/2 could crash (contrary to documentation) for odd enough file system problems, e.g write to full file system. This bug has now been corrected.

  In this process the file module has been rewritten to produce better error codes. Posix error codes now originate from the OS file system calls or are generated only for very similar causes (for example 'enomem' is generated if a memory allocation fails, and 'einval' is generated if the file handle in Erlang is a file handle but currently invalid).

  More Erlang-ish error codes are now generated. For example {error,badarg} is now returned from file:close/1 if the argument is not of a file handle type. See file(3).

  The possibility to write a single byte using file:write/2 instead of a list or binary of one byte, contradictory to the documentation, has been removed.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-6967 Aux Id: OTP-6597 OTP-6291

• A bug concerning the evaluation of the ++/2 operator has been fixed in erl_eval. (Thanks to Matthew Dempsky.)

  Own Id: OTP-6977

Improvements and New Features

• The behaviour of the internal functions gen:call/3,4 has been changed slightly in the rare case that when the caller was linked to the called server, and the server crashed during the call; its exit signal was consumed by the gen:call/3,4 code and converted to an exit exception. This exit signal is no longer consumed.

  To even notice this change, 1) the calling process has to be linked to the called server.

  2) the call must not be remote by name that is it must be local or remote by pid, local by name or global by name.

  3) the calling process has to have set process_flag(trap_exit, true).

  4) the server has to crash during the call.

  5) the calling process has to be sensitive to getting previously consumed {'EXIT',Pid,Reason} messages in its message queue.

  The old behaviour was once the only way for a client to notice if the server died, but has since erlang:monitor(process, {Name,Node}) was introduced and used in gen:call been regarded as an undesired behaviour if not a bug.

  The affected user APIs are: gen_server:call/2,3, gen_fsm:sync_send_event/2,3, gen_fsm:sync_send_all_state_event/2,3, gen_event:_, sys:_ and maybe a few others that hardly will be noticed.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-3954 Aux Id: Seq 4538

• When an exception occurs the Erlang shell now displays the class, the reason, and the stacktrace in a clearer way (rather than dumping the raw EXIT tuples as before). proc_lib:format/1 displays the exception of crash reports in the same clearer way.

  The new shell command catch_exception and the new application configuration parameter shell_catch_exception can be used for catching exceptions that would normally exit the Erlang shell.

  Own Id: OTP-6554 Aux Id: OTP-6289

• The function string:join/2 joins strings in a list with a separator. Example: 'string:join(["a", "b", "c"], ", ") gives "a, b, c"'

  Own Id: OTP-6671

• The control sequence P of the Format argument of the functions io:fwrite/2,3 and io_lib:fwrite/2 now inserts fewer line breaks when printing tuples and lists. A soft upper limit of 60 on the number of non-white characters on a line has been introduced.

  Own Id: OTP-6708

• The new module array provides a fast functional array implementation.

  Own Id: OTP-6733

• Functions that have long been deprecated have now been removed from the following modules: dict, erl_eval, erl_pp, io, io_lib, lists, orddict, ordsets, sets, and string.

  The undocumented function lists:zf/3 has also been removed (use a list comprehension or lists:zf/2 instead).

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-6845

• Minor documentation corrections for file:pread/2 and file:pread/3.

  Own Id: OTP-6853

• Contract directives for modules in Kernel and STDLIB.

  Own Id: OTP-6895

• The ets:fixtable/2 function, which has been deprecated for several releases, has been removed.

  The ets:info/1 function has been reimplemented as a BIF, which guarantees that information returned is consistent.

  The ets:info/2 function now fails with reason badarg if the second argument is invalid. (Dialyzer can be used to find buggy code where the second argument is misspelled.)

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-6906

• The Erlang pretty printer erl_pp now inserts more newlines in order to facilitate line coverage analysis by Cover. (Thanks to Thomas Arts.)

  Own Id: OTP-6911

• The documentation for ets:safe_fixtable/2, ets:foldl/3, and ets:foldr/3 is now clearer about what will happen if objects are inserted during table traversals.

  Own Id: OTP-6928 Aux Id: seq10779

• It is now possible to extract files in tar files directly into binaries. It is also possible to add files to tar files directly from binaries.

  Own Id: OTP-6943

• The functions keystore/4 and keytake/3 are new in the lists module.

  Own Id: OTP-6953

• The new qlc option tmpdir_usage can be used for outputting messages onto the error logger when a temporary file is about to be created, or to prohibit the usage of temporary files altogether.

  Own Id: OTP-6964

1.80  STDLIB 1.14.5.3

Improvements and New Features

• The allowed syntax for -type() and -spec() was updated.

  Own Id: OTP-6861 Aux Id: OTP-6834

1.81  STDLIB 1.14.5.2

Improvements and New Features

• The compiler will for forward compatibility ignore the -type() and -spec() attributes that will be introduced in the R12B release.

  Own Id: OTP-6834

1.82  STDLIB 1.14.5.1

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• The log_mf_h event handler didn't close the index file when it was done reading it causing a file descriptor leak.

  Own Id: OTP-6800

Improvements and New Features

• The dict:size/1 and orddict:size/1 functions have been documented.

  Own Id: OTP-6818

1.83  STDLIB 1.14.5

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Bugs have been fixed in Dets concerning comparison (==) and matching (=:=).

  The STDLIB manual pages have been updated as to more carefully state when terms are matched and when they are compared.

  Own Id: OTP-4738 Aux Id: OTP-4685

• The shell has been updated to fix the following flaws: Shell process exit left you with an unresponsive initial shell if not using oldshell. Starting a restricted shell with a nonexisting callback module resulted in a shell where no commands could be used, not even init:stop/0. Fun's could not be used as parameters to local shell functions (in shell_default or user_default) when restricted_shell was active.

  Own Id: OTP-6537

• A bug in QLC's parse transform has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-6590

• A bug concerning lists:sort/1 and lists:keysort/2 and a mix of floating point numbers and integers has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-6606

• When calling erlang:garbage_collect/0 in the Erlang shell not only the evaluator process (the one returned by calling self() in the Erlang shell) is garbage collected, but also the process holding the history list.

  Own Id: OTP-6659

• Functions of the beam_lib module that used to catch exceptions and return a tuple {'EXIT',Reason} now exit with the reason Reason.

  Own Id: OTP-6711

• The erl_eval module now calls the non-local function handler whenever an operator is evaluated (exceptions are andalso, orelse, and catch). The non-local function handler is now also called when the function or operator occurs in a guard test (such calls used to be ignored).

  These changes affect the Erlang shell when running in restricted mode: the callback function non_local_allowed/3 is now called for operators such as '!'/2. This means that non_local_allowed/3 may need to be changed as to let operators through. Note that erlang:'!'/2 as well as erlang:send/2,3 have to be restricted in order to stop message passing in the shell.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-6714 Aux Id: seq10374

Improvements and New Features

• The new compiler option warn_obsolete_guard can be used for turning on warnings for calls to old type testing BIFs.

  Own Id: OTP-6585

• For scripts written using escript, there is a new function escript:script_name/0, which can be used to retrieve the pathame of the script. The documentation has been clarified regarding pre-defined macros such as ?MODULE and the module name.

  Own Id: OTP-6593

• Minor Makefile changes.

  Own Id: OTP-6689 Aux Id: OTP-6742

1.84  STDLIB 1.14.4

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• The MD5 calculation of a BEAM file done by code:module_md5/1, beam_lib:md5/1, and by the compiler for the default value of the vsn attribute have all been changed so that its result will be the same on all platforms; modules containing funs could get different MD5s on different platforms.

  Own Id: OTP-6459

• When sorting terms using the file_sorter module (the option Format set to term), file errors were not always properly handled. This bug has been fixed.

  The directory supplied with the tmpdir option is no longer checked unless it is actually used. The error reason not_a_directory can no longer be returned; instead a file_error tuple is returned

  Own Id: OTP-6526

• Bugs regarding try/catch have been fixed in the erl_eval module.

  Own Id: OTP-6539

• When sorting the operands of a join operation, QLC called file:open/3 with bad arguments. This bug has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-6562 Aux Id: seq10606

Improvements and New Features

• The functions beam_lib:cmp/1 and beam_lib:strip/1 (and similar functions) have been updated to handle optional chunks (such as "FunT") in more general way in order to be future compatible.

  The function beam_lib:chunks/3 has been added.

  The function beam_lib:md5/1 has been added.

  Own Id: OTP-6443

• Added base64 as a module to stdlib, encoding and decoding

  Own Id: OTP-6470

• Added the functions to_upper/1 and to_lower/1 to the string module. These provide case conversion for ISO/IEC 8859-1 characters (Latin1) and strings.

  Own Id: OTP-6472

• The callback function non_local_allowed/3 used by the restricted shell can now return the value {{restricted,NewFuncSpec,NewArgList},NewState} which can be used for letting the shell call some other function than the one specified.

  Own Id: OTP-6497 Aux Id: seq10555

• There is a new escript program that can be used for writing scripts in Erlang. Erlang scripts don't need to be compiled and any arguments can be passed to them without risk that they are interpreted by the Erlang system.

  Own Id: OTP-6505

• The Format argument of the functions io:fwrite/2,3 and io_lib:fwrite/2 is now allowed to be a binary.

  Own Id: OTP-6517

1.85  STDLIB 1.14.3.1

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• The control sequences p and P of the Format argument of the functions io:fwrite/2,3 and io_lib:fwrite/2 could cause a badarg failure when applied to binaries. This bug was introduced in STDLIB 1.14.3. (Thanks to Denis Bilenko.)

  Own Id: OTP-6495

Improvements and New Features

• Added the option {cwd, Dir} to make zip-archives with relative pathnames without having to do (a global) file:set_cwd.

  Own Id: OTP-6491 Aux Id: seq10551

1.86  STDLIB 1.14.3

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• The spawn_opt/2,3,4,5 option monitor -- introduced in Kernel 2.11.2 -- is currently not possible to use when starting a process using proc_lib, that is, also when starting a gen_server, gen_fsm etc.

  This limitation has now been properly documented and the behavior of the gen_fsm, gen_server, and proc_lib start and start_link functions when providing this option has been changed from hanging indefinitely to failing with reason badarg.

  (Thanks to Fredrik Linder)

  Own Id: OTP-6345

Improvements and New Features

• The control sequence P of the Format argument of the functions io:fwrite/2,3 and io_lib:fwrite/2 now replaces the tail of binary strings with ... when the maximum depth has been reached. For instance, io:fwrite("~P", [<<"a binary string">>, 3]). prints <<"a binary"...>>.

  The indentation takes more care not to exceed the right margin, if possible.

  If the maximum depth is reached while printing a tuple, ,... is printed instead of |... (this change applies to the control sequence W as well).

  Own Id: OTP-6354

• The Erlang shell command h/0 that prints the history list now avoids printing (huge) terms referred to by v/1 but instead just prints the call to v/1.

  Own Id: OTP-6390

1.87  STDLIB 1.14.2.2

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• The functions dets:select/1,3, dets:match/1,3, and dets:match_object/1,3 have been changed as to never return {[],Continuation}. This change affects the corresponding functions in Mnesia.

  Bugs have been fixed in QLC: qlc:info() could crash if the tmpdir option did not designate a valid directory; the results of looking up keys are kept in RAM, which should improve performance.

  Own Id: OTP-6359

1.88  STDLIB 1.14.2.1

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• A bug in erl_pp:exprs() has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-6321 Aux Id: seq10497

1.89  STDLIB 1.14.2

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• The control sequences p and P of the Format argument of the functions io:format/2,3 and io_lib:format/2 did not handle binaries very well. This bug, introduced in stdlib-1.14, has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-6230

• filelib:wildcard(Wc, PathWithRedundantSlashes), where PathWithRedundantSlashes is a directory path containing redundant slashes, such as /tmp/ or //tmp, could return incorrect results. (Thanks to Martin Bjorklund.)

  Own Id: OTP-6271

• The Erlang code preprocessor crashed if the predefined macros ?MODULE or ?MODULE_STRING were used before the module declaration. This bug has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-6277

Improvements and New Features

• Support for faster join of two tables has been added to the qlc module. There are two kinds of fast joins: lookup join that uses existing indices, and merge join that takes two sorted inputs. There is a new join option that can be used to force QLC to use a particular kind of join in some QLC expression.

  Several other changes have also been included:

  • The new tmpdir option of cursor/2, eval/2, fold/4, and info/2 can be used to set the directory that join uses for temporary files. The option also overrides the tmpdir option of keysort/3 and sort/2.

  • The new lookup option can be used to assert that constants are looked up when evaluating some QLC expression.

  • The cache and cache_all options accept new tags: ets, list, and no. The tag list caches answers in a list using a temporary file if the answers cannot be held in RAM. Combining {cache,list} and {unique, true} is equivalent to calling sort/2 with the option unique set to true. The old tags true (equivalent to ets) and false (equivalent to no) are recognized for backward compatibility.

  • The new option max_list_size can be used to set the limit where merge join starts to use temporary files for large equivalence classes and when answers cached in lists are put on temporary files.

  • There is a new callback is_sorted_key to be supplied as an option to table/2.

  • QLC analyzes each and every QLC expression when trying to find constants for the lookup function. Hitherto only QLC expressions with exactly one generator were analyzed.

    Note that only filters with guard syntax placed immediately after the generator are analyzed. The restriction to guard filters is an incompatible change. See qlc(3) for further details.

  • In a similar way several match specifications for traversal of QLC tables can be utilized for different generators of one single QLC expression.

  • A bug has been fixed: when caching answers to a sufficiently complex query it could happen that some answers were not returned.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-6038

• The Erlang pretty printer (erl_pp) is now much faster when the code is deeply nested. A few minor bugs have been fixed as well.

  Own Id: OTP-6227 Aux Id: OTP-5924

• The Erlang shell now tries to garbage collect large binaries. Under certain circumstances such binaries could otherwise linger on for an indefinite amount of time.

  Own Id: OTP-6239

• To help Dialyzer find more bugs, many functions in the Kernel and STDLIB applications now only accept arguments of the type that is documented.

  For instance, the functions lists:prefix/2 and lists:suffix/2 are documented to only accept lists as their arguments, but they actually accepted anything and returned false. That has been changed so that the functions cause an exception if one or both arguments are not lists.

  Also, the string:strip/3 function is documented to take a character argument that is a character to strip from one or both ends of the string. Given a list instead of a character, it used to do nothing, but will now cause an exception.

  Dialyzer will find most cases where those functions are passed arguments of the wrong type.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-6295

1.90  STDLIB 1.14.1

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• The functions c:y/1,2 which call yecc:file/1,2 are now listed by c:help/0.

  Documentation of c:y/1,2 has been added to c(3).

  The fact that the control sequence character s recognizes binaries and deep character lists has been documented in io(3). This feature was added in R11B-0 (OTP-5403).

  Own Id: OTP-6140

• The shell command rr() sometimes failed to read record definitions from file(s). This problem has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-6166 Aux Id: OTP-5878

• The nonlocal function handler in erl_eval, which is used for implementing the restricted mode of the Erlang shell, did not handle calls to erlang:apply/3 correctly. This bug has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-6169 Aux Id: seq10374

• ets:rename/1 could deadlock, or crash the SMP emulator when the table wasn't a named table.

  ets:next/2, and ets:prev/2 could return erroneous results on the SMP emulator.

  Own Id: OTP-6198 Aux Id: seq10392, seq10415

• When closing a Dets table the space management data was sometimes saved in such a way that opening the table could not be done without repairing the file. This bug has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-6206

1.91  STDLIB 1.14

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• A bugfix in QLC: two of the call-back functions used for implementing QLC tables, TraverseFun and LookupFun, are now allowed to return a term other than a list. Such a term is immediately returned as the results of the current query, and is useful mostly for returning error tuples.

  Several other minor bugs have been also been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-5195

• The STDLIB modules error_logger_file_h and error_logger_tty_h now read the environment variable utc_log from the SASL application.

  Own Id: OTP-5535

• ets:info/1 has been corrected to behave according to the documentation and return a list of tuples, not a tuple with tuples.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-5639

• Referencing a so far undeclared record from the default value of some record declaration is from now on considered an error by the linter. It is also an error if the default value of a record declaration uses or binds a variable.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-5878

• When a file .hrl file is included using -include_lib, the include path is temporarily updated to include the directory the .hrl file was found in, which will allow that .hrl file to itself include files from the same directory as itself using -include. (Thanks to Richard Carlsson.)

  Own Id: OTP-5944

• Corrected filelib:ensure_dir/1 which sometimes returned true and sometimes ok to always return ok when successful. This goes against the documentation which said true, but ok was judged to be a more logical return value.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-5960 Aux Id: seq10240

• The shell now handles records better when used in calls on the form {Module, Function}(ArgList).

  Own Id: OTP-5990 Aux Id: OTP-5876

• The functions lists:ukeysort/2 and lists:ukeymerge/3 have been changed in such a way that two tuples are considered equal if their keys match.

  For the sake of consistency, lists:usort/2 and lists:umerge/3 have been modified too: two elements are considered equal if they compare equal.

  The file_sorter module has been modified in a similar way: the unique option now applies to the key (keysort() and keymerge()) and the ordering function (the option {order, Order} ).

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-6019

• Correction in documentation for ets:update_counter/3; failure with badarg also if the counter to be updated is the key.

  Own Id: OTP-6072

• When sorting terms using the file_sorter module and an ordering fun, the sort was not always stable. This bug has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-6088

Improvements and New Features

• Improvements of the linter:

  • The compile attribute is recognized after function definitions.

  • The new compiler option nowarn_deprecated_function can be used for turning off warnings for calls to deprecated functions.

  • The new compiler option {nowarn_unused_function,[{Name,Arity}]} turns off warnings for unused local functions for the mentioned functions. The new options {nowarn_deprecated_function,[{Module,Name,Arity}]} and {nowarn_bif_clash,[{Name,Arity}]} work similarly.

  The Erlang code preprocessor epp now recognizes the file attribute. This attribute is meant to be used by tools such as Yecc that generate source code files.

  Own Id: OTP-5362

• The formatting option ~s of io:fwrite and io_lib:fwrite has been extended to handle arguments that are binaries or I/O lists.

  Own Id: OTP-5403

• The control sequences p and P of the Format argument of the functions io:format/2,3 and io_lib:format/2 have been changed as to display the contents of binaries containing printable characters as strings.

  Own Id: OTP-5485

• The linter emits warnings for functions exported more than once in export attributes.

  Own Id: OTP-5494

• A manual for STDLIB has been added, stdlib(6). It mentions the configuration parameters for the Erlang shell.

  Own Id: OTP-5530

• Added the zip module with functions for reading and creating zip archives. See zip(3).

  Own Id: OTP-5786

• Simple-one-for-one supervisors now store the pids of child processes using dict instead of a list. This significantly improves performance when there are many dynamic supervised child processes. (Thanks to Mickaël Rémond et al.)

  Own Id: OTP-5898

• When given the new option 'strict_record_tests', the compiler will generate code that verifies the record type for 'R#record.field' operations in guards. Code that verifies record types in bodies has already been generated since R10B, but in this release there will be a '{badrecord,RecordTag}' instead of a 'badmatch' if the record verification test fails. See the documentation for the compile module for more information.

  The Erlang shell always applies strict record tests.

  Own Id: OTP-5915 Aux Id: OTP-5714

• The Erlang pretty printer (erl_pp) now tries to insert line breaks at appropriate places.

  Own Id: OTP-5924

• The public option has been removed from digraph:new/1. The reason is that several functions in the digraph module are implemented using multiple ETS accesses, which is not thread safe. (Thanks to Ulf Wiger.)

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-5985

• The function lists:keyreplace/4 checks that the fourth argument (NewTuple) is a tuple.

  Own Id: OTP-6023

• Added an example of how to reconstruct source code from debug info (abstract code) to beam_lib(3). (Thanks to Mats Cronqvist who wrote the example.)

  Own Id: OTP-6073

• The new compiler option warn_unused_record is used for finding unused locally defined record types.

  Own Id: OTP-6105

1.92  STDLIB 1.13.12

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• shell_default:xm/1 has been added. It calls xref:m/1.

  Own Id: OTP-5405 Aux Id: OTP-4101

• Warnings are output whenever so far undeclared records are referenced from some default value of a record declaration. In STDLIB 1.14 (R11B) such forward references will cause a compilation error.

  Own Id: OTP-5878

• The linter's check of the deprecated attribute did not take the compile option export_all into account. This bug has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-5917

• The Erlang pretty printer did not handle try/catch correctly. This bug has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-5926

• Corrected documentation for lists:nthtail/3.

  Added documentation for lists:keymap/3.

  Tried to clarify some other type declarations and function descriptions in lists(3).

  Corrected documentation for timer:now_diff/2.

  Fixed broken links in gen_fsm(3), gen_server(3), io_lib(3) and lib(3).

  Own Id: OTP-5931

• Type checks have been added to functions in lists.erl.

  Own Id: OTP-5939

Improvements and New Features

• The new STDLIB module erl_expand_records expands records in abstract code. It is used by the Erlang shell, which means that Compiler is no longer used by the shell.

  Own Id: OTP-5876 Aux Id: OTP-5435

• The compiler will now warn that the megaco:format_versions/1 function is deprecated.

  Own Id: OTP-5976

1.93  STDLIB 1.13.11

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• When calling gen_server:enter_loop with a registered server name, it was only checked that the registered name existed, not that it actually was the name of the calling process.

  Own Id: OTP-5854

Improvements and New Features

• More detail on beam_lib:version/1 in documentation.

  Own Id: OTP-5789

• The new function io:read/3 works like io:read/1,2 but takes a third argument, StartLine.

  Own Id: OTP-5813

• The new function gen_fsm:enter_loop/4,5,6, similar to gen_server:enter_loop/3,4,5, has been added.

  Own Id: OTP-5846 Aux Id: seq10163

• The function c:i/1 is now exported.

  Own Id: OTP-5848 Aux Id: seq10164

1.94  STDLIB 1.13.10

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• A couple of type errors have been fixed in sofs.

  Own Id: OTP-5739

• The pre-processor used to complain that the macro definition '-define(S(S), ??S).' was circular, which it isn't. (Thanks to Richard Carlsson.)

  Own Id: OTP-5777

1.95  STDLIB 1.13.9

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• The linter, QLC and the module erl_pp did not handle the new 'fun M:F/A' construct in all situations. This problem has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-5644

Improvements and New Features

• The manual pages for most of the Kernel and some of the STDLIB modules have been updated, in particular regarding type definitions.

  The documentation of the return value for erts:info/1 has been corrected.

  The documentation for erlang:statistics/1 now lists all possible arguments.

  Own Id: OTP-5360

• Replaced some tuple funs with the new fun M:F/A construct.

  The high-order functions in the lists module no longer accept bad funs under any circumstances. 'lists:map(bad_fun, [])' used to return '[]' but now causes an exception.

  Unused, broken compatibility code in the ets module was removed. (Thanks to Dialyzer.)

  Eliminated 5 discrepancies found by Dialyzer in the Appmon application.

  Own Id: OTP-5633

• The c:i/0 function will now run in a paged mode if there are more than 100 processes in the system. (Thanks to Ulf Wiger.)

  erlang:system_info(process_count) has been optimized and does now return exactly the same value as length(processes()). Previously erlang:system_info(process_count) did not include exiting processes which are included in length(processes()).

  The +P flag for erl, which sets the maximum number of processes allowed to exist at the same, no longer accepts values higher than 134217727. (You will still probably run out of memory before you'll be able to reach that limit.)

  Own Id: OTP-5645 Aux Id: seq9984

1.96  STDLIB 1.13.8

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Very minor corrections in beam_lib and its documentation.

  Own Id: OTP-5589

Improvements and New Features

• The erlang:port_info/1 BIF is now documented. Minor corrections of the documentation for erlang:port_info/2.

  Added a note to the documentation of the math module that all functions are not available on all platforms.

  Added more information about the '+c' option in the erl man page in the ERTS documentation.

  Own Id: OTP-5555

• The new fun M:F/A construct creates a fun that refers to the latest version of M:F/A. This syntax is meant to replace tuple funs {M,F} which have many problems.

  The new type test is_function(Fun,A) (which may be used in guards) test whether Fun is a fun that can be applied with A arguments. (Currently, Fun can also be a tuple fun.)

  Own Id: OTP-5584

1.97  STDLIB 1.13.7

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• filelib:wildcard/2 was broken (it ignored its second argument).

  Also, filelib:wildcard("Filename") (where the argument does not contain any meta-characters) would always return ["Filename"]. Corrected so that an empty list will be returned if "Filename" does not actually exist. (Same correction in filelib:wildcard/2.) (This change is a slight incompatibility.)

  filelib:wildcard/1,2 will generate a different exception when given bad patterns such as "{a,". The exception used to be caused by 'exit(missing_delimiter)' but is now 'erlang:error({badpattern,missing_delimiter})'.

  Own Id: OTP-5523 Aux Id: seq9824

Improvements and New Features

• Further improvements of encrypted debug info: New option encrypt_debug_info for compiler.

  Own Id: OTP-5541 Aux Id: seq9837

1.98  STDLIB 1.13.6

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• When opening a Dets table read only an attempt was sometimes made to re-hash the table resulting in an error message. This problem has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-5487 Aux Id: OTP-4989

Improvements and New Features

• It is now possible to encrypt the debug information in Beam files, to help keep the source code secret. See the documentation for compile on how to provide the key for encrypting, and the documentation for beam_lib on how to provide the key for decryption so that tools such as the Debugger, Xref, or Cover can be used.

  The beam_lib:chunks/2 functions now accepts an additional chunk type compile_info to retrieve the compilation information directly as a term. (Thanks to Tobias Lindahl.)

  Own Id: OTP-5460 Aux Id: seq9787

1.99  STDLIB 1.13.5

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Closing a Dets table kept in RAM would cause a crash if the file could not be written. This problem has been fixed by returning an error tuple.

  Own Id: OTP-5402

• erl_pp now correctly pretty-prints fun F/A.

  Own Id: OTP-5412

• The Erlang shell failed if the compiler was not in the code path. This problem has been fixed, but in order to evaluate records the compiler is still needed.

  Own Id: OTP-5435

• Corrected the example in the documentation for ets:match/2. Also clarified that ets:update_counter/3 updates the counter atomically. (Thanks to Anders Svensson.)

  Own Id: OTP-5452 Aux Id: seq9770, seq9789

Improvements and New Features

• The possibility to start the Erlang shell in parallel with the rest of the system was reintroduced for backwards compatibility in STDLIB 1.13.1. The flag to be used for this is now called async_shell_start and has been documented. New shells started from the JCL menu are not synchronized with init anymore. This makes it possible to start a new shell (e.g. for debugging purposes) even if the initial shell has not come up.

  Own Id: OTP-5406 Aux Id: OTP-5218

• The compiler will now produce warnings when using the deprecated functions in the snmp module.

  Own Id: OTP-5425

• The function c:zi/0 has been removed. Use c:i/0 instead.

  Own Id: OTP-5432

• Corrected two minor bugs found by the Dialyzer: Calling a parameterized module from a restricted shell (i.e. if shell:start_restricted/1 has been used) would crash the shell evaluator. A debug printout in gen_fsm had a clause that would never match; causing less information to be printed.

  And a somewhat more serious one also found by Dialyzer: rpc:yield/1 would crash unless the call started by rpc:async_call/4 had already finished; rpc:nb_yield(Key,infinity) would also crash.

  Cleaned up and removed redundant code found by Dialyzer in erlang:dmonitor_p/2.

  Own Id: OTP-5462

1.100  STDLIB 1.13.4

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Bugs in the Erlang shell have been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-5327

• Some dead code reported by Dialyzer was eliminated.

  A bug in dbg when tracing to wrap trace files has been corrected. It failed to delete any already existing wrap trace files with the same names when starting a new wrap trace.

  Own Id: OTP-5329

• The linter could output invalid warnings about bit patterns in record initializations. This problem has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-5338

• ordsets:is_set(NoList), where NoList is any term except a list, would crash. For consistency with sets:is_set/1 and gb_sets:is_set/1, it now returns false.

  Own Id: OTP-5341

• A BIF erlang:raise/3 has been added. See the manual for details. It is intended for internal system programming only, advanced error handling.

  Own Id: OTP-5376 Aux Id: OTP-5257

Improvements and New Features

• The deprecated attribute is now checked by the linter. See xref(3) for a description of the deprecated attribute.

  Own Id: OTP-5276

• The restricted shell will now indicate if the return value from a user predicate is on an incorrect form.

  Own Id: OTP-5335

1.101  STDLIB 1.13.3

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• Bugs concerning unused and shadowed variables have been fixed in the linter.

  Own Id: OTP-5091

• A bug in the evaluator that caused the shell to choke on bit syntax expressions has been fixed.

  Own Id: OTP-5237

• io:format/2 et.al no longer crashes for some combinations of precision and value for format character "g". Previously it crashed if the precision P was 4 or lower and the absolute value of the float to print was lower than 10^4 but 10^(P-1) or higher. Now it will not crash depending on the value of the float.

  Own Id: OTP-5263

• Bugs in the handling of the bit syntax have been fixed in the Erlang shell.

  Own Id: OTP-5269

• gb_sets:del_element/2 was changed to do the same as gb_sets:delete_any/2 which was the original intention, not as gb_sets:delete/2. Code that relies on gb_sets:del_element/2 causing an error if the element does not exist must be changed to call gb_sets:delete/2 instead.

  The documentation was also updated to explicitly document functions that were only referred to as 'aliases' of a documented function. Also, a list of all functions common to the gb_sets, sets, and ordsets was added.

  *** POTENTIAL INCOMPATIBILITY ***

  Own Id: OTP-5277

• Debug messages have been removed from the QLC module.

  Own Id: OTP-5283

Improvements and New Features

• The size of continuations returned from dets:match/1,3, dets:match_object/1,3, and dets:select/1,3 has been reduced. This affects the amount of data Mnesia sends between nodes while evaluating QLC queries.

  Own Id: OTP-5232

1.102  STDLIB 1.13.2

Improvements and New Features

• The -rsh switch for starting a remote shell (introduced with OTP-5210) clashed with an already existing switch used by slave. Therefore the switch for the remote shell is now instead named -remsh.

  Own Id: OTP-5248 Aux Id: OTP-5210

1.103  STDLIB 1.13.1

Fixed Bugs and Malfunctions

• The Pman 'trace shell' functionality was broken as has now been fixed. Furthermore, Pman could not correctly find the pid of the active shell if more than one shell process was running on the node. This has also been corrected.

  Own Id: OTP-5191

• When the undocumented feature "parameterized modules" was used, the ?MODULE macro did not work correctly.

  Own Id: OTP-5224

Improvements and New Features

• You can now start Erlang with the -rsh flag which gives you a remote initial shell instead of a local one. Example:

              erl -sname this_node -rsh other_node@other_host
            

  Own Id: OTP-5210

• The man page for the lists module has been updated with description of the new zip, unzip, and partition/2 functions.

  Own Id: OTP-5213

• The top level group leader used to be listed as job #1 in the job list in JCL mode. Since there is no shell associated with this process that can be connected to, it will no longer be listed.

  Own Id: OTP-5214

• The possibility to start the Erlang shell in parallel with the rest of the system has been reintroduced for backwards compatibility. Note that this old behaviour is error prone and should not be used unless for some reason necessary.

  Own Id: OTP-5218 Aux Id: seq9534

• The shell commands rr/1,2,3 now accepts wildcards when reading record definitions from BEAM files.

  Own Id: OTP-5226