Dialyzer was reporting that use of base64:encode(Foo :: binary()) had spec binary() -> <<_:_*1>>. The binary comprehension in base64:encode seems to result in the return type of <<_:_*1>>. The patch below enforces a return type of binary(). git fetch git://github.com/puzza007/otp.git base64_encode_binary_spec Cheers, Paul.