Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
User's Guide
Version 4.16

Chapters

• SNMP Introduction
  • Top of chapter
  • Scope and Purpose
  • Prerequisites
  • Definitions
  • About This Manual
  • Where to Find More Information
• Agent Functional Description
  • Top of chapter
  • Features
  • SNMPv1, SNMPv2 and SNMPv3
  • Operation
  • Sub-agents and MIB Loading
  • Contexts and Communities
  • Management of the Agent
  • Notifications
  • Discovery
• Manager Functional Description
  • Top of chapter
  • Features
  • Operation
  • MIB loading
• The MIB Compiler
  • Top of chapter
  • Operation
  • Importing MIBs
  • MIB Consistency Checking
  • .hrl File Generation
  • Emacs Integration
  • Compiling from a Shell or a Makefile
  • Deviations from the Standard
• Running the application
  • Top of chapter
  • Configuring the application
  • Modifying the Configuration Files
  • Starting the application
  • Debugging the application
• Definition of Agent Configuration Files
  • Top of chapter
  • Agent Information
  • Contexts
  • System Information
  • Communities
  • MIB Views for VACM
  • Security data for USM
  • Notify Definitions
  • Target Address Definitions
  • Target Parameters Definitions
• Definition of Manager Configuration Files
  • Top of chapter
  • Manager Information
  • Users
  • Agents
  • Security data for USM
• Agent Implementation Example
  • Top of chapter
  • MIB
  • Default Implementation
  • Manual Implementation
• Manager Implementation Example
  • Top of chapter
  • The example manager
  • A simple standard test
• Instrumentation Functions
  • Top of chapter
  • Instrumentation Functions
  • Using the ExtraArgument
  • Default Instrumentation
  • Atomic Set
• Definition of Instrumentation Functions
  • Top of chapter
  • Variable Instrumentation
  • Table Instrumentation
• Definition of Agent Net if
  • Top of chapter
  • Mandatory Functions
  • Messages
• Definition of Manager Net if
  • Top of chapter
  • Mandatory Functions
  • Messages
• Audit Trail Log
  • Top of chapter
  • Agent Logging
  • Manager Logging
• Advanced Agent Topics
  • Top of chapter
  • When to use a Sub-agent
  • Agent Semantics
  • Sub-agents and Dependencies
  • Distributed Tables
  • Fault Tolerance
  • Using Mnesia Tables as SNMP Tables
  • Deviations from the Standard
• SNMP Appendix A
  • Top of chapter
  • Appendix A
• SNMP Appendix B
  • Top of chapter
  • Appendix B

12 Definition of Agent Net if

The Network Interface (Net if) process delivers SNMP PDUs to a master agent, and receives SNMP PDUs from the master agent. The most common behaviour of a Net if process is that is receives bytes from a network, decodes them into an SNMP PDU, which it sends to a master agent. When the master agent has processed the PDU, it sends a response PDU to the Net if process, which encodes the PDU into bytes and transmits the bytes onto the network.

However, that simple behaviour can be modified in numerous ways. For example, the Net if process can apply some kind of encrypting/decrypting scheme on the bytes or act as a proxy filter, which sends some packets to a proxy agent and some packets to the master agent.

It is also possible to write your own Net if process. The default Net if process is implemented in the module snmpa_net_if and it uses UDP as the transport protocol.

This section describes how to write a Net if process.

12.1  Mandatory Functions

A Net if process must implement the SNMP agent network interface behaviour.

12.2  Messages

The section Messages describes mandatory messages, which Net if must send and be able to receive.

Outgoing Messages

Net if must send the following message when it receives an SNMP PDU from the network that is aimed for the MasterAgent:

MasterAgent ! {snmp_pdu, Vsn, Pdu, PduMS, ACMData, From, Extra}
      

• Vsn is either 'version-1', 'version-2', or 'version-3'.
• Pdu is an SNMP PDU record, as defined in snmp_types.hrl, with the SNMP request.
• PduMS is the Maximum Size of the response Pdu allowed. Normally this is returned from snmpa_mpd:process_packet (see Reference Manual).
• ACMData is data used by the Access Control Module in use. Normally this is returned from snmpa_mpd:process_packet (see Reference Manual).
• From is the source address. If UDP over IP is used, this should be a 2-tuple {IP, UDPport}, where IP is a 4-tuple with the IP address, and UDPport is an integer.
• Extra is any term the Net if process wishes to send to the agent. This term can be retrieved by the instrumentation functions by calling snmp:current_net_if_data(). This data is also sent back to the Net if process when the agent generates a response to the request.

The following message is used to report that a response to a request has been received. The only request an agent can send is an Inform-Request.

Pid ! {snmp_response_received, Vsn, Pdu, From}
      

• Pid is the Process that waits for the response for the request. The Pid was specified in the send_pdu_req message (see below).
• Vsn is either 'version-1', 'version-2', or 'version-3'.
• Pdu is the SNMP Pdu received
• From is the source address. If UDP over IP is used, this should be a 2-tuple {IP, UDPport}, where IP is a 4-tuple with the IP address, and UDPport is an integer.

Incoming Messages

This section describes the incoming messages which a Net if process must be able to receive.

• {snmp_response, Vsn, Pdu, Type, ACMData, To, Extra}

  This message is sent to the Net if process from a master agent as a response to a previously received request.

  • Vsn is either 'version-1', 'version-2', or 'version-3'.
  • Pdu is an SNMP PDU record (as defined in snmp_types.hrl) with the SNMP response.
  • Type is the #pdu.type of the original request.
  • ACMData is data used by the Access Control Module in use. Normally this is just sent to snmpa_mpd:generate_response_message (see Reference Manual).
  • To is the destination address. If UDP over IP is used, this should be a 2-tuple {IP, UDPport}, where IP is a 4-tuple with the IP address, and UDPport is an integer.
  • Extra is the term that the Net if process sent to the agent when the request was sent to the agent.

• {discarded_pdu, Vsn, ReqId, ACMData, Variable, Extra}

  This message is sent from a master agent if it for some reason decided to discard the pdu.

  • Vsn is either 'version-1', 'version-2', or 'version-3'.
  • ReqId is the request id of the original request.
  • ACMData is data used by the Access Control Module in use. Normally this is just sent to snmpa_mpd:generate_response_message (see Reference Manual).
  • Variable is the name of an snmp counter that represents the error, e.g. snmpInBadCommunityUses.
  • Extra is the term that the Net if process sent to the agent when the request was sent to the agent.

• {send_pdu, Vsn, Pdu, MsgData, To}

  This message is sent from a master agent when a trap is to be sent.

  • Vsn is either 'version-1', 'version-2', or 'version-3'.
  • Pdu is an SNMP PDU record (as defined in snmp_types.hrl) with the SNMP response.
  • MsgData is the message specific data used in the SNMP message. This value is normally sent to snmpa_mpd:generate_message/4. In SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c, this message data is the community string. In SNMPv3, it is the context information.
  • To is a list of the destination addresses and their corresponding security parameters. This value is normally sent to snmpa_mpd:generate_message/4.

• {send_pdu_req, Vsn, Pdu, MsgData, To, Pid}

  This message is sent from a master agent when a request is to be sent. The only request an agent can send is Inform-Request. The net if process needs to remember the request id and the Pid, and when a response is received for the request id, send it to Pid, using a snmp_response_received message.

  • Vsn is either 'version-1', 'version-2', or 'version-3'.
  • Pdu is an SNMP PDU record (as defined in snmp_types.hrl) with the SNMP response.
  • MsgData is the message specific data used in the SNMP message. This value is normally sent to snmpa_mpd:generate_message/4. In SNMPv1 and SNMPv2c, this message data is the community string. In SNMPv3, it is the context information.
  • To is a list of the destination addresses and their corresponding security parameters. This value is normally sent to snmpa_mpd:generate_message/4.
  • Pid is a process identifier.

Notes

Since the Net if process is responsible for encoding and decoding of SNMP messages, it must also update the relevant counters in the SNMP group in MIB-II. It can use the functions in the module snmpa_mpd for this purpose (refer to the Reference Manual, section snmp, module snmpa_mpd for more details.)

There are also some useful functions for encoding and decoding of SNMP messages in the module snmp_pdus.