-spec all() -> [Log] when Log :: log().

Returns the names of the disk logs accessible on the current node.

-spec alog(Log, Term) -> notify_ret() when Log :: log(), Term :: term().

Asynchronously version of log/2.

Owners subscribing to notifications receive message read_only, blocked_log, or format_external if the item cannot be written on the log, and possibly one of the messages wrap, full, or error_status if an item is written on the log. Message error_status is sent if something is wrong with the header function or if a file error occurs.

-spec alog_terms(Log, TermList) -> notify_ret() when Log :: log(), TermList :: [term()].

Asynchronously version of log_terms/2.

Owners subscribing to notifications receive message read_only, blocked_log, or format_external if the items cannot be written on the log, and possibly one or more of the messages wrap, full, and error_status if items are written on the log. Message error_status is sent if something is wrong with the header function or if a file error occurs.

-spec balog(Log, Bytes) -> notify_ret() when Log :: log(), Bytes :: iodata().

Asynchronously version of blog/2.

Owners subscribing to notifications receive message read_only, blocked_log, or format_external if the item cannot be written on the log, and possibly one of the messages wrap, full, or error_status if an item is written on the log. Message error_status is sent if something is wrong with the header function or if a file error occurs.

-spec balog_terms(Log, ByteList) -> notify_ret() when Log :: log(), ByteList :: [iodata()].

Asynchronously version of blog_terms/2.

Owners subscribing to notifications receive message read_only, blocked_log, or format_external if the items cannot be written on the log, and possibly one or more of the messages wrap, full, and error_status if items are written on the log. Message error_status is sent if something is wrong with the header function or if a file error occurs.

-spec bchunk(Log, Continuation) -> bchunk_ret()
                when Log :: log(), Continuation :: start | continuation().

Equivalent to bchunk(Log, Cont, infinity).

-spec bchunk(Log, Continuation, N) -> bchunk_ret()
                when Log :: log(), Continuation :: start | continuation(), N :: pos_integer() | infinity.

Equivalent to chunk(Log, Continuation, N) except that it returns the binaries read from the file, that is it does not call binary_to_term/1.

-spec block(Log) -> ok | {error, block_error_rsn()} when Log :: log().

Equivalent to block(Log, true).

-spec block(Log, QueueLogRecords) -> ok | {error, block_error_rsn()}
               when Log :: log(), QueueLogRecords :: boolean().

With a call to block/2 a process can block a log.

If the blocking process is not an owner of the log, a temporary link is created between the disk log process and the blocking process. The link ensures that the disk log is unblocked if the blocking process terminates without first closing or unblocking the log.

Any process can probe a blocked log with info/1 or close it with close/1. The blocking process can also use functions chunk/2,3, bchunk/2,3, chunk_step/3, and unblock/1 without being affected by the block. Any other attempt than those mentioned so far to update or read a blocked log suspends the calling process until the log is unblocked or returns error message {blocked_log, Log}, depending on whether the value of QueueLogRecords is true or false.

-spec blog(Log, Bytes) -> ok | {error, Reason :: log_error_rsn()} when Log :: log(), Bytes :: iodata().

Equivalent to log/2 except that it is used for externally formatted logs.

blog/2 can also be used for internally formatted logs if the binaries are constructed with calls to term_to_binary/1.

-spec blog_terms(Log, BytesList) -> ok | {error, Reason :: log_error_rsn()}
                    when Log :: log(), BytesList :: [iodata()].

Equivalent to log_terms/2 except that it is used for externally formatted logs.

blog_terms/2 can also be used for internally formatted logs if the binaries are constructed with calls to term_to_binary/1.

-spec breopen(Log, File, BHead) -> ok | {error, reopen_error_rsn()}
                 when Log :: log(), File :: file:filename(), BHead :: iodata().

Equivalent to reopen except that it is used for externally formatted logs.

-spec btruncate(Log, BHead) -> ok | {error, trunc_error_rsn()} when Log :: log(), BHead :: iodata().

Equivalent to truncate/2 for externally formatted logs.

-spec change_header(Log, Header) -> ok | {error, Reason}
                       when
                           Log :: log(),
                           Header ::
                               {head, dlog_head_opt()} | {head_func, MFA :: {atom(), atom(), list()}},
                           Reason ::
                               no_such_log | nonode |
                               {read_only_mode, Log} |
                               {blocked_log, Log} |
                               {badarg, head}.

Changes the value of option head or head_func for an owner of a disk log.

-spec change_notify(Log, Owner, Notify) -> ok | {error, Reason}
                       when
                           Log :: log(),
                           Owner :: pid(),
                           Notify :: boolean(),
                           Reason ::
                               no_such_log | nonode |
                               {blocked_log, Log} |
                               {badarg, notify} |
                               {not_owner, Owner}.

Changes the value of option notify for an owner of a disk log.

-spec change_size(Log, Size) -> ok | {error, Reason}
                     when
                         Log :: log(),
                         Size :: dlog_size(),
                         Reason ::
                             no_such_log | nonode |
                             {read_only_mode, Log} |
                             {blocked_log, Log} |
                             {new_size_too_small, Log, CurrentSize :: pos_integer()} |
                             {badarg, size} |
                             {file_error, file:filename(), file_error()}.

Changes the size of an open log. For a halt log, the size can always be increased, but it cannot be decreased to something less than the current file size.

For a wrap or rotate log, both the size and the number of files can always be increased, as long as the number of files does not exceed 65000. For wrap logs, if the maximum number of files is decreased, the change is not valid until the current file is full and the log wraps to the next file. The redundant files are removed the next time the log wraps around, that is, starts to log to file number 1.

As an example, assume that the old maximum number of files is 10 and that the new maximum number of files is 6. If the current file number is not greater than the new maximum number of files, files 7-10 are removed when file 6 is full and the log starts to write to file number 1 again. Otherwise, the files greater than the current file are removed when the current file is full (for example, if the current file is 8, files 9 and 10 are removed). The files between the new maximum number of files and the current file (that is, files 7 and 8) are removed the next time file 6 is full.

For rotate logs, if the maximum number of files is decreased, the redundant files are deleted instantly.

If the size of the files is decreased, the change immediately affects the current log. It does not change the size of log files already full until the next time they are used.

If the log size is decreased, for example, to save space, function next_file/1, can be used to force the log to wrap.

-spec chunk(Log, Continuation) -> chunk_ret() when Log :: log(), Continuation :: start | continuation().

Equivalent to chunk(Log, Continuation, infinity).

-spec chunk(Log, Continuation, N) -> chunk_ret()
               when Log :: log(), Continuation :: start | continuation(), N :: pos_integer() | infinity.

Efficiently reads the terms that are appended to an internally formatted log.

It minimizes disk I/O by reading 64 kilobyte chunks from the file.

The first time chunk() is called, an initial continuation, the atom start, must be provided.

When chunk/3 is called, N controls the maximum number of terms that are read from the log in each chunk. infinity means that all the terms contained in the 64 kilobyte chunk are read. If less than N terms are returned, this does not necessarily mean that the end of the file is reached.

chunk/3 returns a tuple {Continuation2, Terms}, where Terms is a list of terms found in the log. Continuation2 is yet another continuation, which must be passed on to any subsequent calls to chunk(). With a series of calls to chunk(), all terms from a log can be extracted.

chunk/3 returns a tuple {Continuation2, Terms, Badbytes} if the log is opened in read-only mode and the read chunk is corrupt. Badbytes is the number of bytes in the file found not to be Erlang terms in the chunk. Notice that the log is not repaired. When trying to read chunks from a log opened in read-write mode, tuple {corrupt_log_file, FileName} is returned if the read chunk is corrupt.

chunk/3 returns eof when the end of the log is reached, or {error, Reason} if an error occurs. If a wrap log file is missing, a message is output on the error log.

When chunk/2,3 is used with wrap logs, the returned continuation might not be valid in the next call to chunk/3. This is because the log can wrap and delete the file into which the continuation points. To prevent this, the log can be blocked during the search.

-spec chunk_info(Continuation) -> InfoList | {error, Reason}
                    when
                        Continuation :: continuation(),
                        InfoList :: [{node, Node :: node()}, ...],
                        Reason :: {no_continuation, Continuation}.

Returns the pair {node, Node}, describing the chunk continuation returned by chunk/2,3, bchunk/2,3, or chunk_step/3.

Terms are read from the disk log running on Node.

-spec chunk_step(Log, Continuation, Step) -> {ok, any()} | {error, Reason}
                    when
                        Log :: log(),
                        Continuation :: start | continuation(),
                        Step :: integer(),
                        Reason ::
                            no_such_log | end_of_log |
                            {format_external, Log} |
                            {blocked_log, Log} |
                            {badarg, continuation} |
                            {file_error, file:filename(), file_error()}.

Can be used with chunk/2,3 and bchunk/2,3 to search through an internally formatted wrap log.

It takes as argument a continuation as returned by chunk/2,3, bchunk/2,3, or chunk_step/3, and steps forward (or backward) Step files in the wrap log. The continuation returned, points to the first log item in the new current file.

If atom start is specified as continuation, the first file of the wrap log is chosen as the new current file.

If the wrap log is not full because all files are not yet used, {error, end_of_log} is returned if trying to step outside the log.

-spec close(Log) -> ok | {error, close_error_rsn()} when Log :: log().

Closes a disk log properly.

An internally formatted log must be closed before the Erlang system is stopped. Otherwise, the log is regarded as unclosed and the automatic repair procedure is activated next time the log is opened.

The disk log process is not terminated as long as there are owners or users of the log. All owners must close the log, possibly by terminating. Also, any other process, not only the processes that have opened the log anonymously, can decrement the users counter by closing the log. Attempts to close a log by a process that is not an owner are ignored if there are no users.

If the log is blocked by the closing process, the log is also unblocked.

-spec format_error(Error) -> io_lib:chars() when Error :: term().

Given the error returned by any function in this module, this function returns a descriptive string of the error in English.

For file errors, function format_error/1 in module file is called.

-spec inc_wrap_file(Log) -> ok | {error, inc_wrap_error_rsn()} when Log :: log().

Forces the internally formatted disk log to start logging to the next log file. It can be used, for example, with change_size/2 to reduce the amount of disk space allocated by the disk log.

Owners subscribing to notifications normally receive a wrap message, but if an error occurs with a reason tag of invalid_header or file_error, an error_status message is sent.

-spec info(Log) -> InfoList | {error, no_such_log} when Log :: log(), InfoList :: [dlog_info()].

Returns a list of {Tag, Value} pairs describing a log running on the node.

The following pairs are returned for all logs:

• {name, Log} - Log is the log name as specified by the open/1 option name.

• {file, File} - For halt logs File is the filename, and for wrap logs File is the base name.

• {type, Type} - Type is the log type as specified by the open/1 option type.

• {format, Format} - Format is the log format as specified by the open/1 option format.

• {size, Size} - Size is the log size as specified by the open/1 option size, or the size set by change_size/2. The value set by change_size/2 is reflected immediately.

• {mode, Mode} - Mode is the log mode as specified by the open/1 option mode.

• {owners, [{pid(), Notify}]} - Notify is the value set by the open/1 option notify or function change_notify/3 for the owners of the log.

• {users, Users} - Users is the number of anonymous users of the log, see the open/1 option linkto.

• {status, Status} - Status is ok or {blocked, QueueLogRecords} as set by functions block/1,2 and unblock/1.

• {node, Node} - The information returned by the current invocation of function info/1 is gathered from the disk log process running on Node.

The following pairs are returned for all logs opened in read_write mode:

• {head, Head} - Depending on the value of the open/1 options head and head_func, or set by function change_header/2, the value of Head is none (default), {head, H} (head option), or {M,F,A} (head_func option).

• {no_written_items, NoWrittenItems} - NoWrittenItems is the number of items written to the log since the disk log process was created.

The following pair is returned for halt logs opened in read_write mode:

• {full, Full} - Full is true or false depending on whether the halt log is full or not.

The following pairs are returned for wrap logs opened in read_write mode:

• {no_current_bytes, integer() >= 0} - The number of bytes written to the current wrap log file.

• {no_current_items, integer() >= 0} - The number of items written to the current wrap log file, header inclusive.

• {no_items, integer() >= 0} - The total number of items in all wrap log files.

• {current_file, integer()} - The ordinal for the current wrap log file in the range 1..MaxNoFiles, where MaxNoFiles is specified by the open/1 option size or set by change_size/2.

• {no_overflows, {SinceLogWasOpened, SinceLastInfo}} - SinceLogWasOpened (SinceLastInfo) is the number of times a wrap log file has been filled up and a new one is opened or inc_wrap_file/1 has been called since the disk log was last opened (info/1 was last called). The first time info/2 is called after a log was (re)opened or truncated, the two values are equal.

Notice that functions chunk/2,3, bchunk/2,3, and chunk_step/3 do not affect any value returned by info/1.

-spec log(Log, Term) -> ok | {error, Reason :: log_error_rsn()} when Log :: log(), Term :: term().

Synchronously appends a term to a internally formatted disk log. Returns ok or {error, Reason} when the term is written to disk.

Terms are written by the ordinary write() function of the operating system. Hence, it is not guaranteed that the term is written to disk, it can linger in the operating system kernel for a while. To ensure that the item is written to disk, function sync/1 must be called.

Owners subscribing to notifications are notified of an error with an error_status message if the error reason tag is invalid_header or file_error.

-spec log_terms(Log, TermList) -> ok | {error, Reason :: log_error_rsn()}
                   when Log :: log(), TermList :: [term()].

Synchronously appends a list of items to an internally formatted log.

It is more efficient to use this functions instead of log/2. The specified list is split into as large sublists as possible (limited by the size of wrap log files), and each sublist is logged as one single item, which reduces the overhead.

Owners subscribing to notifications are notified of an error with an error_status message if the error reason tag is invalid_header or file_error.

-spec next_file(Log) -> ok | {error, next_file_error_rsn()} when Log :: log().

For wrap logs, it forces the disk log to start logging to the next log file. It can be used, for example, with change_size/2 to reduce the amount of disk space allocated by the disk log.

Owners subscribing to notifications normally receive a wrap message, but if an error occurs with a reason tag of invalid_header or file_error, an error_status message is sent.

For rotate logs, it forces rotation of the currently active log file, compresses it and opens a new active file for logging.

-spec open(ArgL) -> open_ret() when ArgL :: dlog_options().

Open a new disk_log file for reading or writing.

Parameter ArgL is a list of the following options:

• {name, Log} - Specifies the log name. This name must be passed on as a parameter in all subsequent logging operations. A name must always be supplied.

• {file, FileName} - Specifies the name of the file to be used for logged terms. If this value is omitted and the log name is an atom or a string, the filename defaults to lists:concat([Log, ".LOG"]) for halt logs.

  For wrap logs, this is the base name of the files. Each file in a wrap log is called <FileName>.N, where N is an integer. Each wrap log also has two files called <FileName>.idx and <FileName>.siz.

  For rotate logs, this is the name of the active log file. The compressed files are named as <FileName>.N.gz, where N is an integer and <FileName>.0.gz is the latest compressed log file. All the compressed files are renamed at each rotation so that the latest files have the smallest index. The maximum value for N is the value of MaxNoFiles minus 1.

• {linkto, LinkTo}
  If LinkTo is a pid, it becomes an owner of the log. If LinkTo is none, the log records that it is used anonymously by some process by incrementing the users counter. By default, the process that calls open/1 owns the log.

• {repair, Repair} - If Repair is true, the current log file is repaired, if needed. As the restoration is initiated, a message is output on the error log. If false is specified, no automatic repair is attempted. Instead, the tuple {error, {need_repair, Log}} is returned if an attempt is made to open a corrupt log file. If truncate is specified, the log file becomes truncated, creating an empty log, regardless of previous content. Defaults to true, which has no effect on logs opened in read-only mode.

• {type, Type} - The log type. Defaults to halt.

• {format, Format} - Disk log format. Defaults to internal.

• {size, Size} - Log size.

  When a halt log has reached its maximum size, all attempts to log more items are rejected. Defaults to infinity, which for halt implies that there is no maximum size.

  For wrap and rotate logs, parameter Size can be a pair {MaxNoBytes, MaxNoFiles}. For wrap logs it can also be infinity. In the latter case, if the files of an existing wrap log with the same name can be found, the size is read from the existing wrap log, otherwise an error is returned.

  Wrap logs write at most MaxNoBytes bytes on each file and use MaxNoFiles files before starting all over with the first wrap log file. Regardless of MaxNoBytes, at least the header (if there is one) and one item are written on each wrap log file before wrapping to the next file.

  The first time an existing wrap log is opened, that is, when the disk log process is created, the value of the option size is allowed to differ from the current log size, and the size of the disk log is changed as per change_size/2.

  When opening an existing wrap log, it is not necessary to supply a value for option size, but if the log is already open, that is, the disk log process exists, the supplied value must equal the current log size, otherwise the tuple {error, {size_mismatch, CurrentSize, NewSize}} is returned.

  Note

  Before Erlang/OTP 24.0, the supplied value of option size was to be equal to the current log size when opening an existing wrap log for the first time, that is, when creating the disk log process.

  Rotate logs write at most MaxNoBytes bytes on the active log file and keep the latest MaxNoFiles compressed files. Regardless of MaxNoBytes, at least the header (if there is one) and one item are written on each rotate log file before rotation.

  When opening an already open halt log, option size is ignored.

• {notify, boolean()} - If true, the log owners are notified when certain log events occur. Defaults to false. The owners are sent one of the following messages when an event occurs:

  • {disk_log, Node, Log, {wrap, NoLostItems}} - Sent when a wrap log has filled up one of its files and a new file is opened. NoLostItems is the number of previously logged items that were lost when truncating existing files.

  • {disk_log, Node, Log, {truncated, NoLostItems}} - Sent when a log is truncated or reopened. For halt logs NoLostItems is the number of items written on the log since the disk log process was created. For wrap logs NoLostItems is the number of items on all wrap log files.

  • {disk_log, Node, Log, {read_only, Items}} - Sent when an asynchronous log attempt is made to a log file opened in read-only mode. Items is the items from the log attempt.

  • {disk_log, Node, Log, {blocked_log, Items}} - Sent when an asynchronous log attempt is made to a blocked log that does not queue log attempts. Items is the items from the log attempt.

  • {disk_log, Node, Log, {format_external, Items}} - Sent when function alog/2 or alog_terms/2 is used for internally formatted logs. Items is the items from the log attempt.

  • {disk_log, Node, Log, full} - Sent when an attempt to log items to a wrap log would write more bytes than the limit set by option size.

  • {disk_log, Node, Log, {error_status, Status}} - Sent when the error status changes. The error status is defined by the outcome of the last attempt to log items to the log, or to truncate the log, or the last use of function sync/1, inc_wrap_file/1, or change_size/2. Status is either ok or {error, Error}, the former is the initial value.

• {head, Head} - Specifies a header to be written first on the log file. If the log is a wrap or rotate log, the item Head is written first in each new file. Head is to be a term if the format is internal, otherwise an iodata/0. Defaults to none, which means that no header is written first on the file.

• {head_func, {M,F,A}} - Specifies a function to be called each time a new log file is opened. The call M:F(A) is assumed to return {ok, Head}. The item Head is written first in each file. Head is to be a term if the format is internal, otherwise an iodata/0.

• {mode, Mode} - Specifies if the log is to be opened in read-only or read-write mode. Defaults to read_write.

• {quiet, Boolean} - Specifies if messages will be sent to error_logger on recoverable errors with the log files. Defaults to false.

open/1 returns {ok, Log} if the log file is successfully opened. If the file is successfully repaired, the tuple {repaired, Log, {recovered, Rec}, {badbytes, Bad}} is returned, where Rec is the number of whole Erlang terms found in the file and Bad is the number of bytes in the file that are non-Erlang terms.

When a disk log is opened in read-write mode, any existing log file is checked for. If there is none, a new empty log is created, otherwise the existing file is opened at the position after the last logged item, and the logging of items starts from there. If the format is internal and the existing file is not recognized as an internally formatted log, a tuple {error, {not_a_log_file, FileName}} is returned.

open/1 cannot be used for changing the values of options of an open log. When there are prior owners or users of a log, all option values except name, linkto, and notify are only checked against the values supplied before as option values to function open/1, change_header/2, change_notify/3, or change_size/2. Thus, none of the options except name is mandatory. If some specified value differs from the current value, a tuple {error, {arg_mismatch, OptionName, CurrentValue, Value}} is returned.

Note

If an owner attempts to open a log as owner once again, it is acknowledged with the return value {ok, Log}, but the state of the disk log is not affected.

A log file can be opened more than once by giving different values to option name or by using the same file when opening a log on different nodes. It is up to the user of module disk_log to ensure that not more than one disk log process has write access to any file, otherwise the file can be corrupted.

If an attempt to open a log file for the first time fails, the disk log process terminates with the EXIT message {{failed,Reason},[{disk_log,open,1}]}. The function returns {error, Reason} for all other errors.

-spec pid2name(Pid) -> {ok, Log} | undefined when Pid :: pid(), Log :: log().

Returns the log name given the pid of a disk log process on the current node, or undefined if the specified pid is not a disk log process.

This function is meant to be used for debugging only.

-spec reopen(Log, File) -> ok | {error, reopen_error_rsn()} when Log :: log(), File :: file:filename().

Equivalent to reopen(Log, File, Head) where Head is the Head specified in open/1.

-spec reopen(Log, File, Head) -> ok | {error, reopen_error_rsn()}
                when Log :: log(), File :: file:filename(), Head :: term().

Renames an internally formatted log file to File and then recreates a new log file. If a wrap/rotate log exists, File is used as the base name of the renamed files.

Writes the value of Head first in the newly opened log file. The header argument is used only once. Next time a wrap/rotate log file is opened, the header given to open/1 is used.

Owners subscribing to notifications receive a truncate message.

Upon failure to reopen the log, the disk log process terminates with the EXIT message {{failed,Error},[{disk_log,Fun,Arity}]}. Other processes having requests queued receive the message {disk_log, Node, {error, disk_log_stopped}}.

-spec sync(Log) -> ok | {error, sync_error_rsn()} when Log :: log().

Ensures that the contents of the log are written to the disk. This is usually a rather expensive operation.

-spec truncate(Log) -> ok | {error, trunc_error_rsn()} when Log :: log().

Equivalent to truncate(Log, Head) where Head is the Head specified in open/1.

This function can be used for both internally and externally formatted logs.

-spec truncate(Log, Head) -> ok | {error, trunc_error_rsn()} when Log :: log(), Head :: term().

Removes all items from an internally formatted disk log. The argument Head or is written first in the newly truncated log.

The header argument is used only once. Next time a wrap/rotate log file is opened, the header given to open/1 is used.

Owners subscribing to notifications receive a truncate message.

If the attempt to truncate the log fails, the disk log process terminates with the EXIT message {{failed,Reason},[{disk_log,Fun,Arity}]}. Other processes having requests queued receive the message {disk_log, Node, {error, disk_log_stopped}}.

-spec unblock(Log) -> ok | {error, unblock_error_rsn()} when Log :: log().

Unblocks a log. A log can only be unblocked by the blocking process.