<div dir="ltr"><div dir="auto"><div>There are some things in Erlang that people have come to rely on, but for which there's a price. Having a globally defined sort order is such a thing. And maps must be implemented in such a way that the following is not only supported, but efficient:</div><div><br></div><div>comp(#{} = A, #{} = B) when A > B -> greater;</div><div>...</div><div><br></div><div>That is, maps must behave, efficiently, as an ordered mapping on request.</div><div><br></div><div>I've had reason to ponder the Erlang term comparison semantics while maintaining the sext library. The ordering semantics of maps threw a wrench into the works, with its non-standard ordering of keys (I should have left some room between the type tags for such unexpected developments.) The jury (i.e. QuickCheck) is still out on whether I'll be able to support it with the existing tag scheme.</div><div><br></div><div>Now, for sext, maps are at least better than refs, pids and ports, since there is no documentation on how they are sorted internally. As it turns out (for now), using term_to_binary() and some bit syntax seems to work in practice for those.</div><div><br></div><div>For the external term format for maps, actually, the documentation says:</div><div><br></div><div>«Key and value pairs (Ki => Vi) are encoded in section Pairs in the following order: K1, V1, K2, V2,..., Kn, Vn. »<br><br>... which does seem to imply that the ordering in the external term format is defined. I assume this is not the intended meaning, but rather that whichever key K1 is, the corresponding value V1 is the item that follows it, and so on.</div><div><br></div><div>Anyway, I've come across code that uses maps as a serialization format for a cryptographic hash. Based on what is known about maps, this would seem like a Bad Idea, since in that case, presumably, the result of the hash operation might change between implementations.</div><div><br></div><div>BR,</div><div>Ulf W<br><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">Den 26 okt. 2017 21:43 skrev "Michael Truog" <<a href="mailto:mjtruog@gmail.com" target="_blank">mjtruog@gmail.com</a>>:<br type="attribution"><blockquote class="gmail-m_-2005952752896481443quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div class="gmail-m_-2005952752896481443quoted-text">On 10/26/2017 12:13 PM, Ulf Wiger wrote:<br>
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But again, Jesper, just about everyone relies on the fact that maps follow the general principle that there is a well-defined term comparison order. Otherwise, maps would be highly unsuitable to use in keys, and generally treacherous to use as a replacement for records. Following the Principle of Least Surprise, it's a darned good thing that Erlang doesn't randomize the key order in its maps.<br>
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I doubt that anyone would abuse an extra function that produces the map element pairs in the internally defined sort order, given that the documentation would clearly state that it's more expensive than maps:to_list/1 (though likely faster than lists:sort(maps:to_list(M), fun custom_sort_fun/2) - not to mention less error-prone.)<br>
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But it's not a feature I'm willing to go to war over. If no one else sees a use for it, I'm willing to concede that it has low priority. :)<br>
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At a low-level, a hash array mapped trie is unordered because it relies on a hash function, so using the Erlang map in an ordered way might be possible but would be inefficient. If you need an ordered mapping, I think my Erlang trie is a better option at <a href="https://github.com/okeuday/trie" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://github.com/okeuday/tri<wbr>e</a> , though it requires Erlang string keys (binary keys are supported by the btrie module, but that is slow). That doesn't necessarily help msgpack source code though, unless it would be a separate output option that was added.<br>
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Best Regards,<br>
Michael<br>
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