<div class="gmail_quote">2009/2/12 Mihai Balea <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:mihai@hates.ms">mihai@hates.ms</a>></span><br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">
Maybe I'm missing something, but what is the point of even allowing<br>
the concept of cons cells? Wouldn't a tuple be more generic?<br>
Is there any practical use of "improper lists" in Erlang?</blockquote><div><br>Tuples and lists have different properties and different uses. Tuples have fixed a size and are typically used when you know how many elements there are. Changing the size of a tuple is basically impossible so if you want to add/remove an another element to a tuple you have to create a new tuple which is different from the old tuple. A typical use for a tuple is when you want to return more than one value from a function where you return a tuple containg the values.<br>
<br>Lists, on the other hand, are dynamic objects. It is easy and cheap to add/remove elements to/from the front of the list, the without having to copy the rest of the list. It is also very easy to step over the elements of a list. A list is built up of pairs, cons cells, where the first element, the head, of the pair is the element of the list while second element, the tail, points to the next pair/cons cell of the list. A pair is written in Erlang as [a|b] and a list as [a,b,c,d] which is syntactic sugar for the actual representation which is written as [a|[b|[c|[d|[]]]]]. Note that the tail of the last pair is []. This makes it a what is called a proper list. If the tail of the last pair is not a [] then it is not a proper list. [] is therefore considered to be the empty list as it contains no elements.<br>
<br>Many (most) list processing functions assume that the lists they work on are proper lists, typically by stepping down the list as long as they tail is another list pair until they get to a []. Length/1 is like this. The test is_list/1 is very simple and test whether its arguments is a pair or the empty list []. It does not check the whole list.<br>
<br>Re: Paul Fisher and the dict module. Dict uses lists for example to keep all the values which have the same key. There is one place in dict where a cons-cell is used in what would normally be a 2-element tuple, it does [Key|Listof Values] instead of {Key,ListofValues}, but that is just joke and serves no practical purpose.<br>
<br>I hope this clears up some issues and doesn't add to the confusion,<br><br>Robert<br><br></div></div>